Editing Apple Lisa 2/10

{{Infobox computer
| name = Apple Lisa 2/10
| image = [[File:Apple Lisa 2.jpg|250px]]
| caption = Apple Lisa 2/10 with internal Widget drive
| manufacturer = Apple Computer, Inc.
| type = Personal Computer
| release date = January 1984
| discontinued = January 1985
| price = US$4,995
| cpu = Motorola 68000 @ 5 MHz
| memory = 1 MB RAM (expandable to 2 MB)
| storage = 400 KB 3.5" floppy drive, internal 10 MB Widget hard drive
| display = 12" monochrome CRT (720×364 pixels)
| sound = PWM square wave with software-controlled volume
| dimensions = 15.2" H × 18.7" W × 13.8" D
| weight = 48 lbs (22 kg)
| os = Lisa OS, Lisa Office System, MacWorks
| predecessor = [[Apple Lisa 2/5]]
| successor = [[Macintosh XL]]
| codename = Lisa
| model = A6S0300
}}

The '''Apple Lisa 2/10''' was the higher-end configuration of the [[Apple Lisa|Lisa 2]], featuring an internal 10 MB Widget hard drive and 1 MB of RAM.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://apple-history.com/lisa |title=Apple Lisa |publisher=Apple History |access-date=2026-02-09}}</ref> Released in January 1984, it replaced the original Lisa and offered improved storage capacity with a more integrated design. The Lisa 2/10 was later rebranded as the [[Macintosh XL]] in January 1985.

== Overview ==

The Lisa 2/10 was Apple's premium Lisa configuration, designed for users requiring more storage and memory. The "2/10" designation indicated the Lisa 2 hardware with an internal 10 MB Widget hard drive. Unlike the [[Apple Lisa 2/5|Lisa 2/5]] which used an external ProFile, the 2/10's internal drive provided a cleaner desktop setup.

The Lisa 2/10 formed the basis for the [[Macintosh XL]], which was introduced when Apple repositioned the Lisa hardware as a high-end Macintosh.

== Hardware Specifications ==

=== Processor and Memory ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Component !! Specification
|-
| CPU || Motorola MC68000 @ 5 MHz
|-
| Data Bus || 16-bit external
|-
| Address Bus || 24-bit
|-
| Base RAM || 1 MB (higher than Lisa 2/5)
|-
| Maximum RAM || 2 MB (via memory board upgrades)
|-
| ROM || 16 KB (bootstrap and self-test routines)
|}

=== Storage ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Device !! Specification
|-
| Floppy Drive || Single 400 KB 3.5" Sony SS/DD drive
|-
| Hard Drive || Internal 10 MB Widget
|-
| Disk Controller || Integrated Woz Machine (IWM) chip
|-
| Floppy Format || GCR multi-speed encoding
|-
| Floppy Eject || Software-controlled
|}

The Lisa 2/10 used the Integrated Woz Machine (IWM) chip for disk control, unlike the Lisa 1 and 2/5 which used a discrete component state-machine implementation of the Woz Machine.

=== Widget Drive ===

The Widget was Apple's internal 10 MB hard drive designed specifically for the Lisa 2/10:
* '''Capacity:''' 10 MB formatted
* '''Interface:''' Internal parallel connection (same protocol as ProFile)
* '''Location:''' Mounted internally where the parallel port would be on a Lisa 2/5

The Widget gained a reputation for reliability issues and is often replaced with modern alternatives in restored systems.

=== Display ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Specification !! Value
|-
| Screen Size || 12" diagonal
|-
| Resolution || 720 × 364 pixels
|-
| Display Type || Monochrome CRT (black and white)
|-
| Refresh Rate || 60 Hz vertical
|-
| Contrast || 64 software-controlled levels
|-
| External Video || RCA jack (non-standard composite output)
|}

=== Input/Output ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Port !! Description
|-
| Serial Ports || 2× RS-232C (25-pin), up to 38.4 Kbps
|-
| Parallel Port || Internal only (routed to Widget)
|-
| Keyboard || 3-pin 1/4" phone plug, coiled cord
|-
| Mouse || DE-9 connector, single-button mechanical-optical
|-
| Expansion Slots || 3× proprietary Lisa slots
|}

'''Note:''' The Lisa 2/10 lacks the external parallel port present on the Lisa 1 and 2/5. This port was rerouted internally to support the Widget drive. External ProFile drives can still be connected using a 2-Port Parallel Card in an expansion slot.

=== Power Supply ===

The Lisa 2/10 required a higher-capacity "DataPower" power supply to support the internal Widget drive:
* North American: 1.8A at 120V, 60 Hz
* International: 1.0A at 220-240V, 50 Hz

This power supply is more robust than the 1.2A version in the Lisa 2/5 and is considered more reliable for long-term use.

== Differences from Other Lisa Models ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Feature !! Lisa 1 !! Lisa 2/5 !! Lisa 2/10 !! Macintosh XL
|-
| Floppy Drive || Dual Twiggy 5.25" || Single Sony 3.5" 400K || Single Sony 3.5" 400K || Single Sony 3.5" 400K
|-
| Hard Drive || External ProFile || External ProFile 5 MB || Internal Widget 10 MB || Internal Widget 10 MB
|-
| External Parallel Port || Yes || Yes || No || No
|-
| Power Supply || 1.2A || 1.2A || 1.8A || 1.8A
|-
| Disk Controller || Discrete Woz Machine || Discrete Woz Machine || IWM chip || IWM chip
|-
| Base RAM || 1 MB || 512 KB || 1 MB || 1 MB
|-
| ROM Version || H/EA || H/EA || H/88 || 3A
|}

== Software Compatibility ==

The Lisa 2/10 could run:
* '''Lisa OS''' — Original Lisa operating system
* '''Lisa Office System''' — Integrated office suite (LisaWrite, LisaCalc, LisaDraw, etc.)
* '''MacWorks''' — Macintosh compatibility environment allowing Mac software to run on Lisa hardware
* '''MacWorks XL''' — Enhanced Macintosh compatibility (with screen modification kit for square pixels)
* '''Xenix''' — Microsoft's UNIX variant (with appropriate configuration)

== ROM Versions ==

The Lisa 2/10 shipped with ROM version H/88. During self-test, the system displays the ROM version. Common versions include:
* '''H/EA''' — Lisa 1 and Lisa 2/5
* '''H/88''' — Lisa 2/10
* '''3A''' — Macintosh XL (includes square pixel support)

== General Maintenance ==

For detailed maintenance practices including cleaning, PRAM battery management, power supply care, and CRT handling, refer to the [[Apple Lisa General Maintenance]] page.

== Troubleshooting ==

A comprehensive troubleshooting guide addressing power issues, self-test error codes, display problems, Widget failures, and storage issues is available on the [[Apple Lisa Troubleshooting]] page.

Common Lisa 2/10-specific issues include:
* '''Error 82''' — Generic Widget drive failure
* '''Error 57''' — Disk controller error (check IWM chip)

== Capacitor Replacement ==

The Lisa 2/10 contains electrolytic and RIFA safety capacitors that require replacement for long-term reliability. The higher-capacity power supply also contains capacitors that should be serviced. See the [[Apple Lisa Capacitor Replacement Guide]] for detailed specifications and procedures.

== Widget Replacement Options ==

Due to the Widget's reputation for reliability problems, many Lisa 2/10 owners replace the original drive with modern alternatives:
* '''X/ProFile''' — Drop-in Widget replacement using CompactFlash storage
* '''IDEfile''' — Uses IDE drives or flash memory
* '''Sun20/30/40''' — Third-party internal drives (20-40 MB) that could be installed in lieu of Widget

These modern replacements offer improved reliability and silent operation compared to the original Widget mechanism.

== Transition to Macintosh XL ==

In January 1985, the Lisa 2/10 was discontinued and replaced by the [[Macintosh XL]]. The Macintosh XL was essentially a Lisa 2/10 with:
* Updated ROM (version 3A) supporting square pixels
* Optional screen modification kit for 608×432 resolution
* Bundled MacWorks XL software
* Apple positioning it as a high-end Macintosh rather than a Lisa

Many Lisa 2/10 units were upgraded to Macintosh XL specifications through Apple's upgrade program.

== Related Pages ==
* [[Apple Lisa]]
* [[Apple Lisa 2/5]]
* [[Macintosh XL]]
* [[Apple ProFile]]
* [[Apple Lisa General Maintenance]]
* [[Apple Lisa Troubleshooting]]
* [[Apple Lisa Capacitor Replacement Guide]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Apple Vintage Computers]]
[[Category:Apple Lisa]]