Editing Sinclair ZX Spectrum Capacitor Replacement Guide (section)

== Visual Inspection & Failure Signs ==
* '''Bulging or leaning capacitors''' – especially the large power filter (C9 on Issue 2/3 boards).
* '''Leaking electrolyte''' – brown or green crust at the base of a capacitor.
* '''Corrosion or PCB staining''' – green residue or darkened areas around caps.
* '''Video or audio glitches''' – rolling picture, loss of sync, or buzzing audio may indicate dried-out decoupling capacitors.
* '''Intermittent resets or boot failures''' – often caused by high-ESR or failed timing capacitors.

If '''any''' capacitor shows signs of failure, it is strongly recommended to replace '''all''' electrolytics on the board.