Editing Capacitor Failure Symptoms (section)

== Worked examples from documents held here ==

Two hosted books give named-component examples of the failure modes described above, both for the
compact Macintosh analogue board.

* '''C1, the horizontal-sweep capacitor.''' Larry Pina records it as a 3.9 µF '''non-polarised'''
  part and recommends a higher-voltage non-polarised replacement to stop the fault recurring; the
  failure sequence is poor horizontal linearity, then bright diagonal lines a few minutes after
  switch-on, then a darkening display and smoke. This is ESR rise under high-frequency current in a
  case with no fan, and it is the clearest worked example of the mechanism on this
  wiki.<ref name="capdms">Larry Pina, ''The Dead Mac Scrolls'', 1992, ISBN 0-940235-25-0, hosted here
  as [[The Dead Mac Scrolls]]; and ''Macintosh Repair & Upgrade Secrets'', 1990, hosted here as
  [[Macintosh Repair & Upgrade Secrets]], chapter 5 "Video Problems". Secondary sources.</ref>
* '''RIFA suppression capacitors.''' Pina's parts lists identify the "molded minibox, Rifa" positions
  on both the U.S. and the International Macintosh analogue boards — 4700 pF 250 V and 0.1–0.47 µF
  250 V — which are the mains-rated film parts that crack, smoke and smell. His lists also give the
  '''100 µF 200 V''' mains-side electrolytics on the same boards, which is the rating to match or
  exceed.<ref name="capdms" />

'''Read the right list.''' Those two boards use '''the same reference designators for different
components''': C13 is a 33 µF 16 V electrolytic on the U.S. board and a 0.01 µF 1.5 kV ceramic disc
on the International one. See
[[Macintosh 128K/512K Capacitor Replacement Guide]].<ref name="capdms" />