Editing Atari 600XL Capacitor Replacement Guide (section)

== Recapping Procedure ==

=== Step 1: Preparation ===
# Power off the unit and disconnect all cables.
# Remove the four screws from the bottom case (Phillips head).
# Carefully separate the top and bottom case halves.
# Disconnect the keyboard ribbon cable from the motherboard.
# Remove the motherboard mounting screws and lift the board free of the case.
# Photograph the board to document the original capacitor locations and orientations.

=== Step 2: Capacitor Removal ===
# Identify each capacitor by its reference designator (printed on the PCB next to the component).
# Note the polarity orientation of each capacitor before removal — the negative stripe on the capacitor body should align with the PCB markings.
# Apply the soldering iron to one pad at a time while gently pulling the capacitor from the opposite side.
# Use solder wick or a solder sucker to remove excess solder from the through-holes.
# Clean the pad area with IPA to remove any flux residue or electrolyte leakage.

=== Step 3: Capacitor Installation ===
# Insert the new capacitor into the correct position, observing the correct polarity (positive lead to the "+" marked pad).
# For axial capacitors, ensure the leads are properly aligned with the pad spacing.
# Solder each lead with a clean, shiny joint. Avoid excessive heat — hold the iron to the pad for no more than 3 seconds.
# Trim excess leads flush with the solder joint.
# Visually inspect each joint for cold solder (dull, grainy appearance) or solder bridges.

=== Step 4: Post-Recapping Verification ===
# '''Visual inspection:''' Check all solder joints under magnification for cold joints, bridges, or lifted pads.
# '''Continuity test:''' Verify there are no short circuits between +5V and GND using a multimeter in continuity mode.
# '''Power-on test:''' Connect the power supply and verify the system boots normally.
# '''Voltage verification:''' Measure +5V at the CPU (pin 40 of U1) to confirm the power rail is clean and within spec.
# '''Audio test:''' Run the built-in self-test (hold OPTION during power-on) and verify the POKEY audio test produces clean tones.
# '''Video test:''' Check for clean, stable video output with correct colours.