Editing Sega Saturn (Model 2)

{{Infobox computer
| name         = Sega Saturn (Model 2)
| image        = [[File:Sega-Saturn-Console-Set-Mk2.png|250px]]
| caption      = Sega Saturn Model 2
| manufacturer = Sega
| type         = Home video game console
| release date = November 22, 1994 (Japan); May 11, 1995 (North America); July 8, 1995 (Europe)
| discontinued = 2000 (Japan); 1998 (North America/Europe)
| price        = JP¥44,800 (launch); US$399 (launch)
| cpu          = Dual Hitachi SH-2 32-bit RISC @ 28.6 MHz
| memory       = 2 MB RAM, 1.54 MB VRAM, 512 KB sound RAM, 4 MB CD buffer RAM
| storage      = CD-ROM (2× speed), optional backup RAM cartridge
| display      = 320×224 to 704×480, 16.77 million colours (24-bit, 32,768 on screen)
| sound        = Yamaha YMF292-F (SCSP): 32-channel PCM/ADPCM, 8–44.1 kHz, 16-bit stereo
| dimensions   = 260 mm × 230 mm × 83 mm
| weight       = 2.0 kg
| os           = Sega proprietary BIOS
| predecessor  = [[Sega Mega Drive / Genesis (Model 1)]]
| successor    = [[Dreamcast]]
| codename     = Saturn
| model        = HST-3220 (Model 2)
| logo         = [[File:SEGA Saturn logo.png|250px]]
}}

The '''Sega Saturn (Model 2)''' is a 32-bit fifth-generation home video game console developed by Sega. Released in Japan in late 1994 and internationally in 1995, the Saturn is renowned for its advanced dual-CPU architecture and powerful 2D and 3D graphics capabilities, making it a favourite among retro gaming enthusiasts.

== Architecture and Processor ==
The Sega Saturn is powered by a complex, parallel-processing architecture designed to excel at both 2D sprite manipulation and 3D polygonal graphics. Its main processing components include:
* '''Dual Hitachi SH-2 32-bit RISC CPUs''' running at 28.6 MHz, operating in parallel for increased performance.
* '''Hitachi SH-1''' as the CD-ROM controller.
* Two custom video display processors:
** '''VDP1''' – Handles sprites and polygons (2D/3D graphics).
** '''VDP2''' – Manages backgrounds, scrolling, and effects.
* Additional support chips for sound, DMA, and I/O.

This architecture allowed for advanced graphical effects, but also posed programming challenges due to its complexity.

== Memory and Storage ==
The Saturn Model 2 features a diverse memory map optimised for graphics and sound:
* '''2 MB main RAM'''
* '''1.54 MB VRAM''' (split between VDP1 and VDP2)
* '''512 KB sound RAM'''
* '''4 MB CD-ROM buffer RAM'''
* '''32 KB backup RAM''' (internal), expandable via optional cartridge

Storage is provided by a '''2× speed CD-ROM drive''', supporting up to 640 MB per disc. Game saves are stored in internal backup RAM or on external RAM cartridges.

== Display and Graphics ==
The Saturn's graphics subsystem is built around its dual VDPs:
* '''Resolution:''' 320×224 to 704×480 pixels (interlaced and non-interlaced modes)
* '''Colour palette:''' 16.77 million (24-bit), with up to 32,768 colours displayed simultaneously
* '''VDP1:''' Renders sprites, polygons, scaling, rotation, and texture mapping
* '''VDP2:''' Handles up to five scrolling background planes, transparency, and special effects

Hardware support for both 2D and 3D graphics made the Saturn especially strong for arcade-style and sprite-based games.

== Sound Capabilities ==
Audio on the Saturn is powered by the '''Yamaha YMF292-F (SCSP)''' sound processor:
* '''32 sound channels''' supporting PCM and ADPCM playback
* '''Sampling rates''' from 8 kHz to 44.1 kHz, 16-bit stereo output
* Integrated DSP for effects such as reverb and modulation
* Additional '''Motorola 68EC000''' CPU (11.3 MHz) for sound control

This robust sound system enabled high-quality music and effects, including streaming audio from CD.

== Input/Output and Expansion ==
The Saturn Model 2 offers a wide range of connectivity and expansion options:
* '''Controller ports:''' 2 × proprietary 9-pin connectors (supporting digital and analogue pads, multitap)
* '''AV output:''' Composite video, S-Video, RGB SCART (PAL/JP), stereo audio
* '''Serial port:''' For link cable multiplayer
* '''Cartridge slot:''' For backup RAM, ROM cartridges, and RAM expansion (up to 4 MB for certain games)
* '''Communication connector:''' For modem or network peripherals (Japan only)
* '''Power:''' Internal PSU (100–240 V, region dependent)

== PCB Schematics & Service Manual ==
<templatestyles src="Template:StyledTable/styles.css" />

The Model 2 Saturn features a revised mainboard with integrated components and simplified circuitry compared to the original model. Service documentation and schematics are available for maintenance and repair.

{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:80%; text-align:center;"
! Mainboard (Model 2)
! Mainboard Schematic
|-
| [[File:Sega-Saturn-Motherboard-Model-VASG-Top.jpg|center|thumb|300x300px|Sega Saturn Model 2 Mainboard]]
| [[File:SegaSaturn_PSU.jpg|thumb|center|300px|Sega Saturn Power Supply Unit]]
|}
''For detailed board layouts and service procedures, refer to the [[Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn Pal - 1 June 1995|Sega Saturn Service Manual]].''

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="180">
File:Sega-Saturn-Console-Set-Mk2.png|Sega Saturn Model 2
File:Sega-Saturn-Motherboard-Model-VASG-Top.jpg|Model 2 mainboard
File:Sega-Saturn-Power-Supply-V2-a.jpg|Power supply unit
File:Sega-Saturn-Controller-NA-Mk-II-FL.jpg|Standard Saturn controller (Model 2)
</gallery>

== Related Pages ==
* [[Sega Saturn (Model 2) Maintenance Guide|Sega Saturn (Model 2) General Maintenance]]
* [[Sega Saturn (Model 2) Troubleshooting Guide]]
* [[Sega Saturn (Model 2) Capacitor Replacement Guide]]
* [[Sega Saturn Controller Repair Guide]]
* [[Sega Saturn Region Mod Guide]]

<templatestyles src="Template:StyledTable/styles.css" />
[[Category:Sega Systems]]