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| caption      = Macintosh Classic
| caption      = Macintosh Classic
| manufacturer = Apple Computer, Inc.
| manufacturer = Apple Computer, Inc.
| type        = Personal Computer
| type        = Personal computer
| release date = October 15, 1990
| release_date = 15 October 1990
| discontinued = September 14, 1992
| discontinued = 14 September 1992
| price        = US$999 – $1,499
| price        = US$999 (floppy only) – US$1,499 (40 MB hard disk, 2 MB RAM)
| cpu          = Motorola 68000 @ 8 MHz
| cpu          = Motorola 68000 @ 7.8336 MHz
| memory      = 1 MB RAM (expandable to 4 MB)
| memory      = 1 MB soldered, expandable to 4 MB with Apple's memory expansion board
| storage      = 1.44 MB 3.5" floppy drive, optional 40 MB SCSI hard drive
| rom          = 512 KB
| display      = 9" monochrome CRT (512×342 pixels)
| storage      = Internal 1.4 MB floppy drive; optional internal 40 MB SCSI hard disk
| sound        = Monaural 8-bit, 22 kHz
| display      = 9-inch monochrome CRT, 512 × 342 pixels
| dimensions  = 13.2" H × 9.6" W × 10.9" D
| sound        = Four-voice, 8-bit D/A conversion, 22 kHz sampling
| weight      = 16.5 lbs (7.5 kg)
| ports        = 1 × ADB (mini-DIN-4); DB-19 external floppy; DB-25 SCSI; 2 × RS-422 serial (mini-DIN-8); headphone
| power        = 100–120 V AC, 47–63 Hz, 100 W maximum
| dimensions  = 13.2 in H × 9.7 in W × 11.2 in D (33.6 × 24.6 × 28.5 cm)
| weight      = 16–17.1 lb (7.3–7.8 kg) without a hard disk
| os          = System 6.0.7 – System 7.5.5
| os          = System 6.0.7 – System 7.5.5
| predecessor  = [[Macintosh SE]]
| predecessor  = [[Macintosh SE]]
| successor    = [[Macintosh Classic II]]
| successor    = [[Macintosh Classic II]]
| codename    = Elsie, Skywriter
| codename    = XO, Civic
| model        = M0420
| model        = M0420
}}
}}
The '''Macintosh Classic''' was introduced by Apple on October 15, 1990, as a low-cost alternative in the Macintosh lineup and a spiritual successor to the original Macintosh 128K and SE. It retained the same 9-inch monochrome display and compact form factor, but included a 1.44 MB SuperDrive and optional internal SCSI hard drive. It was the first Macintosh to sell for under $1,000, making it a popular choice for schools and home users.
The '''Macintosh Classic''', introduced on 15 October 1990, was the first Macintosh to sell for under US$1,000. It is a cost-reduced compact: the same 68000 at 7.8336 MHz as the [[Macintosh SE]], a 1.4 MB floppy drive, an optional 40 MB hard disk, and — unlike the SE — '''no expansion slot and only one ADB port'''.<ref name="sscl">Apple Computer, ''Macintosh Classic/Classic II/Performa 200 Service Source'' — Specifications, Troubleshooting, Upgrades, Adjustments and Additional Procedures chapters. Hosted on this wiki: [[:File:Classic ii.performa 200.pdf]].</ref><ref name="lem">Low End Mac, ''Mac Classic'' tech specs (secondary source, used for dates, prices, codenames and the ROM disk).</ref>


== General Maintenance ==
== Specifications ==
For cleaning, battery maintenance, board inspection, and power supply tuning, refer to the [[Macintosh Classic General Maintenance]] page.


== PCB Schematics & Service Manual ==
Apple's own specification pages for this family.<ref name="sscl" />


The Macintosh Classic includes two main PCBs: a unified logic board and an analog board. Below are the schematics and Apple’s official service manual.
<templatestyles src="Template:StyledTable/styles.css" />
{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:85%;"
! Item !! Specification
|-
| CPU || Motorola 68000, 7.8336 MHz, 32-bit internal data bus, 256-byte instruction and data caches
|-
| RAM || 1 MB, expandable to 4 MB (120 ns or faster SIMMs)
|-
| ROM || 512 KB
|-
| PRAM || 256 bytes
|-
| Expansion connector || 44-pin connector for the optional memory expansion board, which itself carries two SIMM connectors
|-
| Floppy || Internal 1.4 MB; optional external 800 KB or 1.4 MB
|-
| Hard disk || Optional internal 40 MB; external SCSI supported
|-
| ADB || '''One''' port, mini-DIN-4
|-
| Serial || Two RS-422 ports, mini-DIN-8
|-
| Sound || Four-voice, 8-bit D/A conversion, 22 kHz sampling. The Classic does not provide true two-channel output, although a stereo jack may be used
|-
| Video || 9-inch diagonal, 512 × 342 bit-mapped monochrome
|-
| Line voltage || 100–120 V AC
|-
| Frequency || 47–63 Hz, single phase
|-
| Maximum power || 100 W
|-
| Dimensions || 13.2 × 9.7 × 11.2 in (33.6 × 24.6 × 28.5 cm)
|-
| Weight || 16–17.1 lb (7.3–7.8 kg), excluding an internal hard disk
|}
 
== Memory ==
 
There are no SIMM sockets on the Classic's logic board. The 1 MB on board is soldered, and expansion happens on Apple's optional memory expansion board: 1 MB soldered plus a pair of 30-pin SIMM sockets and a configuration jumper, giving 2 MB, 2.5 MB or 4 MB.<ref name="sscl" />
 
Two rules from Apple that cause most of the trouble:
* the jumper must match what is fitted — "SIMMs" or "No SIMMs";
* on a 4 MB machine the modules must be '''eight-chip''' SIMMs. Apple states that 1 MB SIMMs with fewer than eight chips will not work in the Macintosh Classic.<ref name="sscl" />
 
Full procedure: [[Macintosh Classic Memory Upgrade Guide]].
 
== The ROM disk ==
 
The Classic is the only Macintosh that can boot from its own ROM. Holding '''Command-Option-X-O''' at startup mounts a 357 KB read-only volume named "Boot Disk" containing System 6.0.3 and Finder 6.1.x — a reference to the machine's XO codename. It is genuinely useful for diagnosis: a Classic that will not boot from a disk but does boot from ROM has a working logic board, ROM, RAM and video.<ref name="lem" /><ref name="eeggs">The Macintosh Easter Egg List and Low End Mac both document the Command-Option-X-O ROM disk, its contents and its 357 KB size (secondary sources).</ref>


=== Apple Service Manual ===
== Service manual and schematics ==
 
=== Apple service manual ===
<pdf width="800" height="500">File:Macintosh_Classic_-_Classic_II.pdf</pdf>
<pdf width="800" height="500">File:Macintosh_Classic_-_Classic_II.pdf</pdf>


All Apple Service Manuals can be found on the [[:Category:Apple Service Source|Apple Service Source]] page.


=== Logic Board & Analog Board Schematics ===
The embedded file is Apple's ''Macintosh Classic/Classic II/Performa 200'' ''Service Source''. Two copies are hosted here: [[Macintosh Classic/ Classic II/Performa 200 Service Source]] (115 pages) and [[Macintosh Classic / Classic II Service Source]] (113 pages, the copy embedded above). They are the same manual; the longer copy's '''Light Meter Setup''' topic covers three meter models (R77, L-248 and 246) where the shorter covers two.
 
Two things the manual settles for this machine: the PRAM cell is '''lithium and is replaced below 3.0 V''', measured with the logic board out and the CRT discharged;<ref name="ssclassicbatt">''Macintosh Classic/Classic II/Performa 200'', Apple ''Service Source'', Additional Procedures, Battery Verification - hosted on this wiki as [[Macintosh Classic/ Classic II/Performa 200 Service Source]]. "If the battery voltage is below 3.0 volts, replace the battery." The procedure's "before you begin" is remove the cover, discharge the CRT, remove the logic board.</ref> and there is '''no power-supply voltage adjustment''' for this family - Apple's Adjustments chapter is light-meter setup, video and yoke only, so the rail-tolerance figures published for the Macintosh 128K, 512K and Plus do not apply here.
 
All the Apple service manuals are on the [[:Category:Apple Service Source|Apple Service Source]] page.
 
=== Logic board and analogue board ===


{| class="wikitable" style="width:50%; text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="width:50%; text-align:center;"
|+'''Macintosh Classic PCB Schematics'''
|+'''Macintosh Classic PCB images'''
|-
|-
! style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:30%;"| Logic Board
! style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:30%;"| Logic board
! style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:30%;"| Analog Board
! style="background-color:#f2f2f2; width:30%;"| Analogue board
|-
|-
| [[File:MacintoshClassicLogicBoard.jpg|thumb|center|250px|Macintosh Classic Logic Board]][[File:MacintoshClassic LogicBoard Schematic.pdf|center|thumb|Macintosh Classic Logic Board Schematic]]
| [[File:MacintoshClassicLogicBoard.jpg|thumb|center|250px|Macintosh Classic logic board]][[File:MacintoshClassic LogicBoard Schematic.pdf|center|thumb|Macintosh Classic logic board schematic]]
| [[File:MacintoshClassic AnalogBoard.jpg|center|thumb|250x250px|Macintosh Classic Analog Board]][[File:Classic Analog Board Schematic.pdf|center|thumb|Macintosh Classic Analog Board Schematic]]
| [[File:MacintoshClassic AnalogBoard.jpg|center|thumb|250x250px|Macintosh Classic analogue board]][[File:Classic Analog Board Schematic.pdf|center|thumb|Macintosh Classic analogue board schematic]]
|}
|}


== Capacitor Replacement Guide ==
== Maintenance, capacitors and troubleshooting ==
Full details on logic and analog board recapping can be found at the [[Macintosh Classic Capacitor Replacement Guide]].


== Retrobrite ==
* '''[[Macintosh Classic / Classic II General Maintenance]]''' — cleaning, the 3.6 V lithium cell and its 3.0 V replacement threshold, and what Apple does and does not publish about the rails.
To restore the beige color of the Classic’s case, refer to the safe plastic whitening procedures outlined on the [[Retrobrite]] page.
* '''[[Macintosh Classic Capacitor Replacement Guide]]''' — values and positions.
* '''[[Macintosh Classic / Classic II Troubleshooting]]''' — symptom-led diagnosis.
* '''[[CRT Discharge Procedure]]''' — read before opening the case.
* '''[[Retrobrite]]''' — for the yellowed case.


== Troubleshooting ==
'''Apple publishes no rail tolerance and no power-supply adjustment for this machine.''' Its Adjustments chapter is video and yoke work only — light meter setup, cutoff, brightness and contrast, centring, size, focus.<ref name="sscl" /> Note also that ''The Dead Mac Scrolls'', the standard component-level reference for the earlier compacts, explicitly does not cover the Classic.<ref name="dms">Larry Pina, ''The Dead Mac Scrolls'', Peachpit Press, 1992, introduction. Hosted on this wiki: [[:File:The Dead Mac Scrolls 1992.pdf]].</ref>
For diagnosis and solutions to common issues including no startup, checkerboard patterns, floppy drive problems, and failed PRAM batteries, see the [[Macintosh Classic Troubleshooting]] guide.
 
Sad Mac codes are decoded on [[Sad Mac Error Codes]] and with the [[Sad Mac Decoder]].
 
== Related pages ==
* [[Macintosh SE]] and [[Macintosh SE/30]]
* [[Macintosh Classic II]]
* [[Macintosh Color Classic]]
 
== References ==
<references />


[[Category:Apple Vintage Computers]]
[[Category:Apple Vintage Computers]]
{{Navbox-AppleVintage}}
 
{{Navbox-AppleVintage|state=collapsed}}
Retrieved from "https://wiki.retrotechcollection.com/Macintosh_Classic"