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| name        = Atari 5200
| name        = Atari 5200
| image        = [[File:Atari-5200-4-Port-wController-L.jpg|250px]]
| image        = [[File:Atari-5200-4-Port-wController-L.jpg|250px]]
| caption      = Atari 5200 4-port model with controllers (1982)
| caption      = Atari 5200 4-port model with controllers
| manufacturer = Atari, Inc.
| manufacturer = Atari, Inc.
| type        = Home video game console
| type        = Home video game console
| release date = November 1982 (4-port)<br>May 1983 (2-port)
| release date = November 1982 (4-port)<br>1983 (2-port)
| discontinued = 21 May 1984
| price        = US$269 (1982)
| price        = US$269 (1982)
| cpu          = MOS 6502C "Sally" @ 1.79 MHz
| cpu          = 6502 variant, Atari C014806, at U2/A2
| memory      = 16 KB RAM
| memory      = 16 KB DRAM
| storage      = ROM cartridge (4 KB - 32 KB)
| storage      = ROM cartridge
| display      = 384 × 240 pixels maximum, 256 colors (16 hues × 16 luminance)
| display      = ANTIC + GTIA, NTSC only
| sound        = POKEY 4-channel PSG
| sound        = POKEY, 4 channels
| dimensions  = 330 mm W × 260 mm D × 95 mm H
| os          = 2 KB ROM (Atari C019156)
| weight      = 2.0 kg (4-port)
| os          = 2 KB BIOS (1 KB character ROM)
| predecessor  = [[Atari 2600]]
| predecessor  = [[Atari 2600]]
| successor    = [[Atari 7800]]
| codename    = PAM, Super Stella, Video System X
| model        = CX5200
| model        = CX5200
}}
}}


The '''Atari 5200 SuperSystem''' is a home video game console released by Atari, Inc. in November 1982. Based on the architecture of the Atari 8-bit computer line, the system features the 6502C processor running at 1.79 MHz alongside the custom ANTIC, GTIA, and POKEY chips. The console was discontinued on May 21, 1984, after selling approximately 1 million units.
The '''Atari 5200 SuperSystem''' is a home video game console released by Atari, Inc. in November 1982. It uses the same custom chipset as the Atari 8-bit computer line — ANTIC, GTIA and POKEY around a 6502 — in a console package. It was sold in North America only; '''there was never a PAL Atari 5200'''.
 
This page concentrates on the information a repairer needs. Atari's ''CX5200 Field Service Manual'' is the primary source for almost everything below.<ref name="fsm5200">Atari, Inc., ''CX5200 Field Service Manual'', document FD100127 Rev. 4, July 1983, Sunnyvale, California. Section 1, console and PC board differences; Section 2, silkscreens and schematics; Sections 3/3A, testing; Sections 4/4A, diagnostic flow charts; Section 6, game controller; Section 8, parts lists for all three boards. Hosted here as [[Atari CX5200 Field Service Manual]] ([[:File:Atari CX5200 Field Service Manual.pdf|PDF]]).</ref>
 
== The three PC boards ==
 
Atari shipped three different main boards, and '''they are not interchangeable for service purposes''' — the designator prefix itself changes between them.<ref name="fsm5200" />


== System Architecture ==
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{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:70%; text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:100%;"
! Sub-system !! Specification
|+'''Production boards'''
|-
! Board !! Ports !! Designators !! Identification !! Notes
| '''CPU''' || MOS 6502C "Sally" @ 1.79 MHz<br>Custom 6502 variant with HALT line for DMA operations
|-
| '''Graphics''' || GTIA (CO14805 NTSC / CO14889 PAL)<br>256 colors from palette of 256 (16 hues × 16 luminance)
|-
| '''Display Controller''' || ANTIC (CO12296)<br>Alphanumeric Television Interface Controller<br>Hardware display list processing, character/bitmap generation
|-
| '''Audio/I/O''' || POKEY (CO12294)<br>4-channel square wave/noise generation<br>Keyboard scanning, serial I/O, timers
|-
| '''RAM''' || 16 KB (8× 4516 DRAM chips @ 150ns)
|-
| '''ROM''' || 2 KB BIOS (CO19156A)<br>1 KB character set, 1 KB boot/initialization code
|-
|-
| '''Video Modes''' || 14 display modes<br>Text: 40×24, 20×24, 20×12 characters<br>Graphics: 320×192 (2 colors), 160×192 (4 colors), 80×192 (16 colors)
| '''CA018087''' (original 4-port) || 4 || '''U'''1–U29 || — || Needs retrofit kit CA023019 to work with the CX55 VCS cartridge adaptor
|-
|-
| '''Sprites''' || 4 players (8 pixels wide) + 4 missiles (2 pixels wide)<br>Hardware collision detection
| '''CA020108''' (4-port "Universal") || 4 || '''A'''1–A28 || Serial number on the base has a '''+''' as its third character || U4 and U15 (74LS244) deleted; U14 and U28 replaced by a 74LS125 at A14 and a 74LS51 at A15; provisional circuitry for the VCS cartridge adaptor added
|-
|-
| '''Controller Ports''' || 4 ports (4-port model) or 2 ports (2-port model)<br>Analog joystick with 12-key keypad support
| '''CA021374''' (2-port) || 2 || '''A'''1–A28 || Two controller ports || As the Universal board, plus: ports 3 and 4 and their discrete components removed; A12 and A13 removed; manual switchbox instead of the automatic one; '''the power adaptor plugs into the console instead of the switchbox'''
|}
|}


== Memory Map ==
Atari's serial-number identification for the Universal board is a plus sign as the third character, for example "AT+213…".<ref name="fsm5200" /> Collectors usually call this the "asterisk" board.
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{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:70%; text-align:center;"
== Integrated circuits ==
|+'''6502C Address Space'''
! Range !! Size !! Purpose
|-
| $0000-$3FFF || 16 KB || RAM
|-
| $4000-$BFFF || 32 KB || Cartridge ROM space
|-
| $C000-$C0FF || 256 bytes || GTIA chip registers
|-
| $D400-$D5FF || 512 bytes || ANTIC chip registers
|-
| $E800-$E8FF || 256 bytes || POKEY chip registers
|-
| $F800-$FBFF || 1 KB || Character set ROM
|-
| $FC00-$FFFF || 1 KB || System ROM/BIOS
|}


== Custom Chip Registers ==
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{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:80%; text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:95%;"
|+'''Key Hardware Registers'''
|+'''Chip locations'''
! Chip !! Address Range !! Function
! Function !! Device !! CA018087 !! CA020108 / CA021374
|-
| '''GTIA''' || $C000-$C01F || Player/missile graphics, collision detection
|-
|-
| || $C020-$C02E || Color palette registers
| Microprocessor || Atari C014806 (6502 variant) || U2 || A2
|-
|-
| || $C02F || Console keys (Start/Select/Option)
| Display list processor || ANTIC, Atari C012296 || U3 || A3
|-
|-
| '''ANTIC''' || $D400-$D40F || Display list, DMA control, interrupts
| Graphics || GTIA, Atari C014805 || U5 || A5
|-
|-
| || $D410-$D5FF || Hardware scrolling, display mode
| Sound, pots, keypad scan || POKEY, Atari C012294 || U7 || A7
|-
|-
| '''POKEY''' || $E800-$E80F || Audio frequency/control registers
| System ROM || Atari C019156 (4096 × 8) || U8 || A8
|-
|-
| || $E810-$E81F || Paddle/keyboard input, serial I/O
| Reset and video buffer || 4050 || U1 || A1
|}
 
== Model Variants ==
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{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:90%; text-align:center;"
|+'''Production Models'''
! Model !! Years !! Ports !! PCB !! Key Features
|-
|-
| '''4-Port Original''' || 1982-1983 || 4 || CA018087 || Combined power/RF switchbox, controller storage
| Address decode || 74LS139 || U6 || A6
|-
|-
| '''4-Port Universal''' || 1983 || 4 || CA020108 || CX55 2600 adapter compatible (with asterisk serial)
| Keypad multiplexers || 4052 || U9–U13 || A9–A13 (A12, A13 absent on the 2-port)
|-
|-
| '''2-Port''' || 1983-1984 || 2 || CA021374 || Separate power supply, standard RF switch, CX55 compatible
| DRAM address multiplexers || 74LS258 || U16, U17 || A16, A17
|}
 
The 4-port models use a unique switchbox that combines RF output with power delivery through a single cable. The 2-port model reverted to a conventional separate 9V DC power adapter and standard RF switch box.
 
== Motherboard Revisions ==
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{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:90%; text-align:center;"
! PCB Number !! Controller Ports !! ICs !! Notes
|-
|-
| CA018087 || 4 || 28 || Original design, not CX55 compatible without modification
| RAM, 8 × 16 K × 1 DRAM || MB8118 or 4516 family || U18–U25 || A18–A25
|-
|-
| CA020108 || 4 || 26 || Universal board, late units with asterisk serial support CX55
| Power on/off latch || 4013 || U29 || A26
|-
|-
| CA021374 || 2 || 24 || Cost-reduced, natively supports CX55 2600 adapter
| +5 V regulators || 78M05 (Atari C014348) || VR1, VR2 || VR1, VR2
|}
|}


== General Maintenance ==
The 6502, ANTIC, GTIA, POKEY and ROM identifications come from Atari's parts lists and the console schematic;<ref name="fsm5200" /><ref name="schem5200">Atari, Inc., ''Atari 5200 Programmable Video Game System'' schematics, sheet 1 (processing, I/O, ROM and RAM) and sheet 2 of 2 (RF switchbox and power supply), 23 February 1983. See [[:File:Schematic Atari5200 4000.png]] and [[:File:Schematic Atari5200 RFSwitchbox 2000.png]].</ref> the remaining functional descriptions are from the Console5 TechWiki, a secondary source.<ref name="console5-5200">Console5 TechWiki, [https://wiki.console5.com/wiki/Atari_5200 "Atari 5200"], chip info and capacitor list. Secondary source: a capacitor-kit vendor's component list, not manufacturer documentation.</ref>
{{Main|Atari 5200 General Maintenance}}
 
The Atari 5200 requires periodic maintenance to address controller degradation and RF modulator oxidation. The non-centering analog controllers are prone to flex circuit failure and require regular cleaning of the carbon contacts with isopropyl alcohol. The 4-port model's combined power/RF switchbox frequently develops cold solder joints that cause intermittent power loss. Controller storage compartments should be kept clean to prevent dust accumulation on the exposed controller ports.
 
== Troubleshooting Guide ==
{{Main|Atari 5200 Troubleshooting Guide}}
 
Common failures include blank screens from dirty cartridge edge connectors, controller drift from worn potentiometers, and power issues in 4-port models from faulty switchbox connections. The POKEY chip (CO12294) can fail causing loss of controller input or audio. Video problems often stem from failed GTIA (CO14805) or aging electrolytic capacitors. The 7805 voltage regulators run hot and may require heatsink replacement or upgraded thermal compound.
 
== Capacitor Replacement ==
{{Main|Atari 5200 Capacitor Replacement Guide}}


Critical capacitors include the main filter capacitors near the voltage regulators and various bypass capacitors throughout the board. The 4-port models contain larger filter capacitors due to the switchbox power design. All electrolytic capacitors should be replaced with 105°C rated equivalents. The styrene capacitors used for audio coupling are particularly failure-prone and should be replaced with polystyrene or ceramic types.
The 5200 schematic marks the RAM as '''MB8118-12''' with the note "typical 8 chips"; Console5 lists the equivalent 4516. Either way these are 16 K × 1 dynamic RAMs, eight of them, giving 16 KB.<ref name="schem5200" /><ref name="console5-5200" />


== Power Supply ==
== Power ==
The power requirements differ between models:
* '''4-Port Models:''' 9.3V AC @ 3.5A via switchbox
* '''2-Port Models:''' 9V DC @ 1.95A via barrel jack (5.5mm × 2.1mm, center positive)


Internal regulation provides:
This is where the 4-port and 2-port machines genuinely differ, and where most surviving 5200s fail.
* '''+5V:''' Logic supply via dual 7805 regulators (VR1, VR2)
* '''Unregulated:''' Direct to analog circuits


Both voltage regulators should measure 4.85-5.15V output. Heat sinking is critical as regulators run at elevated temperatures.
=== 4-port: power through the switchbox ===


== Controller System ==
The original and Universal 4-port consoles have '''no power connector of their own'''. Power and RF share one cable to the CX522 switchbox, which also contains a relay that switches the television between aerial and console.
The 5200 controllers use analog potentiometers for X/Y positioning with a 12-button keypad matrix and dual fire buttons. Key specifications:
* '''Potentiometers:''' 500KΩ linear taper
* '''Keypad:''' 4×3 matrix scanned by POKEY
* '''Flex Circuit:''' Carbon traces on mylar substrate
* '''Connection:''' 15-pin connector per port


The non-centering design uses a rubber boot instead of springs, leading to the notorious control issues. The flex circuits deteriorate over time, causing button failures.
* '''Power pack: CX521 AC/DC Power Adaptor, Atari P/N C018187. Output: 9.3 volts DC at 1.95 A.'''<ref name="fco5200">Atari, Inc., ''Atari 2600 and Atari 5200 Field Change Orders, Upgrade Bulletins and Tech Tips'': Tech Tip, model ATARI CX5200, 17 November 1982, "CX5200 Power Adaptor"; Tech Tip, model CX5200, 20 January 1983, "Defective Rockwell 6502 MPU on CX5200 PC Board"; and the CX5200 retrofit procedure for kit CA023019. Hosted here as [[Atari 2600 and 5200 Field Change Orders and Tech Tips]] ([[:File:Atari 2600 and 5200 Field Change Orders and Tech Tips.pdf|PDF]]).</ref> It is a linear supply: transformer, bridge rectifier, a 3300 µF/25 V reservoir and an MDL-5 fuse, all inside the brick.<ref name="schem5200" />
* Atari's tech tip warns explicitly: '''do not use an HCD power adaptor with the CX5200''' — it will damage both the adaptor and the switchbox.<ref name="fco5200" />
* The switchbox select switch has two positions: '''NORMAL''', which lets the console switch the television automatically when the power switch is pressed, and '''STANDBY''', which allows television viewing while the console is on.<ref name="fsm5200" />


== Cartridge Slot ==
=== 2-port ===
The 36-pin edge connector accepts cartridges up to 32 KB:
* '''Standard 4K/8K:''' Direct mapped
* '''16K:''' Two 8K banks
* '''32K:''' Four 8K banks (rare)


Unlike the 2600, the 5200 cannot use bank-switching schemes beyond basic 32K mapping due to BIOS limitations.
The 2-port console takes its own adaptor (Atari A.C. adaptor assembly CA021673) directly into the rear of the case, and uses a conventional manual switchbox.<ref name="fsm5200" />


== Video Output ==
=== Inside the console ===
The system generates composite video internally, output through RF modulator on channel 2 or 3:
* '''Horizontal:''' 228 color clocks per line
* '''Vertical:''' 262 lines (NTSC), 312 lines (PAL)
* '''Frame rate:''' 59.92 Hz (NTSC), 49.70 Hz (PAL)
* '''Color burst:''' 3.579545 MHz (NTSC)


Common modifications include composite and S-Video output by tapping signals from the GTIA chip.
Regulation is by '''two +5 V regulators, VR1 and VR2''', on a heatsink assembly (Atari CA019069). Atari's parts list gives the device as a '''78M05''' (C014348, the 500 mA part, the same regulator used in the [[Atari 2600]]); the slightly earlier schematic prints '''LM340T-5'''. Each regulator works with an '''MJE-210''' power transistor, and a '''+9 V''' rail is taken from the unregulated supply as well as the two +5 V rails.<ref name="fsm5200" /><ref name="schem5200" />


== Audio System ==
Expected readings, from Atari's diagnostic flow charts:<ref name="fsm5200" />
POKEY generates four independent audio channels:
* '''Frequency control:''' 8-bit divisor
* '''Volume:''' 4-bit per channel (0-15)
* '''Waveforms:''' Pure tone, polynomial noise
* '''Clock source:''' 1.79 MHz or 64 kHz


Audio output is mixed to mono and routed through the RF modulator or can be tapped for line-level output modifications.
== Common IC Identification ==
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{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:70%; text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:80%;"
! Atari Part !! Function !! Location
! Test point !! Expected !! If wrong
|-
|-
| CO14806 || 6502C CPU || A2/U2
| Core of J3 (power/RF input) || 10–12 V DC || RF cable, switchbox or power pack
|-
|-
| CO12296 || ANTIC || A3/U3
| Input of VR2 || +12 V ||
|-
|-
| CO14805 || GTIA (NTSC) || A5/U5
| Output of VR2 (pin 3) || +5 V || Check for a short on the output
|-
|-
| CO14889 || GTIA (PAL) || A5/U5
| Pin 13 of U29 (A26), the 4013 latch || Toggles between 13 V and 0 V when the power switch S2 is pressed || Power latch fault
|-
|-
| CO12294 || POKEY || A7/U7
| Pin 3 of the RF module || +5 V || L13, the RF module, or an open to VCC2
|-
| CO19156A || ROM/BIOS || A8/U8
|}
|}


== Controller Port Pinout ==
=== The cartridge carries the +5 V jumper ===
 
The console's +5 V distribution is '''jumpered through the cartridge''': the schematic marks a link between J1 pins 36 and 18 as "jumper in plug-in ROM cartridge".<ref name="schem5200" /> A 5200 with no cartridge in the slot is therefore not fully powered. This is designed behaviour, not a fault, and it is worth knowing before you start probing a "dead" console with an empty slot.
 
== Capacitors ==
 
The 5200 has remarkably few aluminium electrolytics — essentially one, and its value depends on the board:<ref name="fsm5200" /><ref name="console5-5200" />
 
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{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:70%; text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:90%;"
|+'''15-pin Controller Connector'''
! Ref !! CA018087 (original 4-port) !! CA020108 and CA021374 !! Type
! Pin !! Signal !! Function
|-
|-
| 1 || Keypad Row 0 || Keyboard matrix scanning
| '''C45''' || '''4700 µF 25 V''' (Atari C016033) || '''47 µF 25 V''' (Atari C020121) || Electrolytic, radial
|-
|-
| 2 || Keypad Row 1 || Keyboard matrix scanning
| C41, C42, C119, C144 || 10 µF 20 V || 10 µF 20 V || Tantalum, axial
|-
|-
| 3 || Keypad Row 2 || Keyboard matrix scanning
| C13, C14 || 820 pF 25 V || 820 pF 25 V || Polystyrene, audio circuit (Atari C018621)
|-
|-
| 4 || Keypad Row 3 || Keyboard matrix scanning
| C43, C44 || 0.22 µF 100 V || 0.22 µF 100 V || Polyester, radial
|-
|-
| 5 || Keypad Column 2 (Reset) || Reset button input
| C19, C99–C106 || 0.047 µF 100 V || 0.047 µF 100 V || Polyester, radial
|-
|}
| 6 || Keypad Column 0 || Keyboard matrix scanning
 
|-
Everything else on the board is a ceramic axial. The big 4700 µF at C45 on the original 4-port board is there because that board's supply comes through the switchbox cable; the later boards, which take a shorter or separate supply path, use only 47 µF in the same position.
| 7 || +5V || Power supply
 
|-
== Controllers ==
| 8 || Keypad Column 1 || Keyboard matrix scanning
 
The CX52 controller (Atari CA018107, used on all models) has an analogue joystick, a 12-key keypad, two fire buttons on each side and three select buttons.<ref name="fsm5200" /> The keypad, fire buttons and select buttons all run through a single '''flex circuit''', which is the controller's main wear item.
 
On the console side, the keypad matrix is scanned through five (or three, on the 2-port) '''4052 analogue multiplexers''', with a 470 Ω series resistor and a 470 pF capacitor on each port line.<ref name="schem5200" /> A controller fault that affects one port only is usually the flex circuit or the port's 4052; a fault affecting all ports points at POKEY.
 
Atari's potentiometer adjustment procedure gives real numbers to work to:<ref name="fsm5200" />
 
# With the arm off the wiper shaft, adjust the shaft so that the reading between pot terminals 2 and 3 is '''5 kΩ–20 kΩ'''.
# Fit the arm in the documented position and reassemble.
# With the joystick at position 1, the reading through the cable (connector pins 11 and 9, and pins 10 and 9) should be '''no greater than 50 kΩ'''.
# At position 2 the reading should be at least about 100 kΩ greater than at position 1.
# If the test fails, replace the pots; if the pots have already been replaced, replace the actuator plates, which must be replaced as a complete unit with the slide block.
 
The non-centring design uses a rubber boot rather than springs. Atari published a boot replacement procedure and a knob puller tool (FC100214) because the knob is difficult to remove without one.<ref name="fco5200" />
 
== Known factory faults ==
 
* '''Rockwell 6502 MPUs with date code 8250 and later''' (stamped with the letters RC) have a timing defect. Atari's factory modification adds an R–C network on the component side of the board at '''U14A pin 1''' and '''U6A pin 4'''. The network does not need to be removed to use another manufacturer's MPU or a Rockwell part with a different date code.<ref name="fco5200" />
* '''CX55 VCS cartridge adaptor compatibility.''' Original CA018087 boards need retrofit kit CA023019, which solders wires to pins 24, 30 and 11 of J1. Atari's procedure carries an explicit warning: '''if the red jumper wire is grounded, the 5200 power adaptor will burn out.'''<ref name="fco5200" />
 
== Cartridge slot ==
 
The cartridge socket J1 has at least 36 positions; the +5 V jumper occupies pins 18 and 36.<ref name="schem5200" />
 
== Maintenance and repair ==
 
* {{Main|Atari 5200 General Maintenance}}
 
== Schematics ==
{| class="wikitable styled-table"
|+Atari 5200
!Motherboard
!RF Switch Box and Power Supply
!Accessories
|-
|-
| 9 || POT0 (Horizontal) || X-axis potentiometer
|[[File:Schematic Atari5200 4000.png|thumb|315x315px|Atari 5200 Console Schematic]]
|-
|[[File:Schematic Atari5200 RFSwitchbox 2000.png|thumb|Atari 5200 RF Switchbox and Power Supply Schematic]]
| 10 || POT1 (Vertical) || Y-axis potentiometer
|[[File:Schematic Atari5200 Accessories 2000.png|thumb|Atari 5200 Accessories Schematic]]
|-
| 11 || +5V || Power supply
|-
| 12 || Fire Button (Bottom) || Secondary fire button
|-
| 13 || Fire Button (Top) || Primary fire button
|-
| 14 || Ground || Common ground
|-
| 15 || NC || Not connected
|}
|}


== Technical Specifications Summary ==
== Service documentation ==
* '''Clock Speed:''' 1.79 MHz (NTSC), 1.77 MHz (PAL)
* '''Colors:''' 256 (16 hues × 16 luminance levels)
* '''Resolution:''' Up to 384×240 overscan, 320×192 standard
* '''Sprites:''' 4 players + 4 missiles, hardware collision detection
* '''Sound:''' 4-channel square wave/noise generation
* '''Controllers:''' Analog with 360° non-centering movement


== Service Information ==
* [[Atari CX5200 Field Service Manual|Atari CX5200 Field Service Manual]] ([[:File:Atari CX5200 Field Service Manual.pdf|PDF]]) — parts lists for all three boards, schematics, flow charts and controller service
Service documentation is available in the CX5200 Field Service Manual. The system uses all through-hole components except for some RF modulator sections. Common replacement parts:
* [[Atari 2600 and 5200 Field Change Orders and Tech Tips|Atari 2600 and 5200 Field Change Orders, Upgrade Bulletins and Tech Tips]] ([[:File:Atari 2600 and 5200 Field Change Orders and Tech Tips.pdf|PDF]])
* '''7805 voltage regulators:''' Standard TO-220 package, 1A minimum
* '''Power jack (2-port):''' 5.5mm × 2.1mm barrel connector
* '''Controller port connectors:''' 15-pin card edge
* '''Cartridge connector:''' 36-pin (2×18) edge connector


== Related Pages ==
== Related pages ==
* [[Atari 5200 General Maintenance]]
* [[Atari 5200 General Maintenance]]
* [[Atari 5200 Troubleshooting Guide]]
* [[Atari 5200 Capacitor Replacement Guide]]
* [[Atari 2600]]
* [[Atari 2600]]
* [[Atari 7800]]
 
== References ==
<references />
 
{{Navbox-AtariConsoles|state=collapsed}}


[[Category:Atari Systems]]
[[Category:Atari Systems]]