Commodore 64: Difference between revisions
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| model = C64, C64C, SX-64 | | model = C64, C64C, SX-64 | ||
| logo = [[File:Commodore 64 logo-00.svg|250px]] | | logo = [[File:Commodore 64 logo-00.svg|250px]] | ||
}} | }}The '''Commodore 64''' (C64) is an 8-bit home computer introduced by Commodore Business Machines in August 1982. With its advanced graphics and sound capabilities, it became the best-selling single personal computer model of all time, with estimates ranging from 12.5 to 17 million units sold. | ||
== Architecture and Processor == | |||
== | |||
At its core, the C64 utilized the '''MOS Technology 6510''' microprocessor, a variant of the 6502 with an integrated 6-bit I/O port used for memory banking and control of the Datasette. The CPU operated at: | At its core, the C64 utilized the '''MOS Technology 6510''' microprocessor, a variant of the 6502 with an integrated 6-bit I/O port used for memory banking and control of the Datasette. The CPU operated at: | ||
* '''1.023 MHz''' for NTSC systems. | * '''1.023 MHz''' for NTSC systems. | ||
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The 6510's integrated I/O port allowed for dynamic switching between ROM and RAM, enabling more flexible memory management. | The 6510's integrated I/O port allowed for dynamic switching between ROM and RAM, enabling more flexible memory management. | ||
== | == Memory and Storage == | ||
The C64 came equipped with: | The C64 came equipped with: | ||
* '''64 KB RAM''', with approximately 38 KB available for BASIC programs. | * '''64 KB RAM''', with approximately 38 KB available for BASIC programs. | ||
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* '''1541 floppy disk drive''' – a 5.25" drive offering faster and more reliable storage. | * '''1541 floppy disk drive''' – a 5.25" drive offering faster and more reliable storage. | ||
== | == Display and Graphics == | ||
Graphics were handled by the '''MOS Technology VIC-II''' chip, providing: | Graphics were handled by the '''MOS Technology VIC-II''' chip, providing: | ||
* Resolution of '''320×200 pixels'''. | * Resolution of '''320×200 pixels'''. | ||
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The VIC-II's capabilities allowed for detailed graphics and animations, setting the C64 apart from its contemporaries. | The VIC-II's capabilities allowed for detailed graphics and animations, setting the C64 apart from its contemporaries. | ||
== | == Sound Capabilities == | ||
Audio was generated by the '''MOS Technology SID''' (Sound Interface Device) chip, offering: | Audio was generated by the '''MOS Technology SID''' (Sound Interface Device) chip, offering: | ||
* '''3 independent voices''' with programmable ADSR envelopes. | * '''3 independent voices''' with programmable ADSR envelopes. | ||
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The SID chip's rich sound capabilities contributed to the C64's popularity in music production and gaming. | The SID chip's rich sound capabilities contributed to the C64's popularity in music production and gaming. | ||
== | == Input/Output and Expansion == | ||
The C64 featured a variety of I/O ports: | The C64 featured a variety of I/O ports: | ||
* '''Cartridge Expansion Port''' – for software cartridges and hardware expansions. | * '''Cartridge Expansion Port''' – for software cartridges and hardware expansions. | ||
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* '''RF and Composite Video Outputs''' – for connection to TVs and monitors. | * '''RF and Composite Video Outputs''' – for connection to TVs and monitors. | ||
== General Maintenance == | |||
== | |||
Over time, Commodore 64 computers may experience issues common to vintage electronics, such as: | Over time, Commodore 64 computers may experience issues common to vintage electronics, such as: | ||
* Aging capacitors leading to power supply instability or failure. | * Aging capacitors leading to power supply instability or failure. | ||
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Regular maintenance, including capacitor replacement, keyboard cleaning, and ensuring proper heat dissipation, can help preserve the functionality of these systems. For detailed procedures, refer to the [[Commodore 64 Maintenance Guide]]. | Regular maintenance, including capacitor replacement, keyboard cleaning, and ensuring proper heat dissipation, can help preserve the functionality of these systems. For detailed procedures, refer to the [[Commodore 64 Maintenance Guide]]. | ||
== | == PCB Schematics & Service Guide == | ||
The C64 underwent several motherboard revisions, each with slight variations: | The C64 underwent several motherboard revisions, each with slight variations: | ||
* '''Assy 326298''' – Early models with 8 RAM chips. | * '''Assy 326298''' – Early models with 8 RAM chips. | ||
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* '''Assy 250466''' – Later C64C models with further integration. | * '''Assy 250466''' – Later C64C models with further integration. | ||
=== | === Motherboard & Schematic === | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="width:75%; text-align:center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="width:75%; text-align:center;" | ||
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== | == Technical Documentation == | ||
For detailed technical information, refer to the following resources: | For detailed technical information, refer to the following resources: | ||
* [[Commodore 64 Service Manual (1985 Mar)|Commodore 64 Technical Manual]] | * [[Commodore 64 Service Manual (1985 Mar)|Commodore 64 Technical Manual]] | ||
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* [[Commodore 64 User Manual]] | * [[Commodore 64 User Manual]] | ||
== | == Gallery == | ||
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> | <gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> | ||
File:Commodore-64-Computer-FL.jpg|Front view of the Commodore 64 | File:Commodore-64-Computer-FL.jpg|Front view of the Commodore 64 | ||
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</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
== | == Related Pages == | ||
* [[Commodore 64 Maintenance | * [[Commodore 64 General Maintenance]] | ||
* [[Commodore 64 Troubleshooting Guide]] | * [[Commodore 64 Troubleshooting Guide]] | ||
* [[Commodore 64 Keyboard Repair Guide]] | * [[Commodore 64 Keyboard Repair Guide]] | ||