Editing IBM PS/2 Model 30

{{Infobox computer
| name          = IBM Personal System/2 Model 30
| logo          = [[File:IBM PS2 Model 30 8086 badge.svg|150px]]
| image         = [[File:IBM PS2 Model 30 system unit.jpg|260px]]
| caption       = IBM PS/2 Model 30 (8530)
| developer     = IBM Entry Systems Division, Boca Raton
| manufacturer  = IBM
| type          = Desktop personal computer
| release date  = 2 April 1987 (Model 30, 8086); 13 September 1988 (Model 30 286)
| discontinued  = c. 1992
| cpu           = Intel 8086-2 @ 8 MHz, 0 wait states; Intel 80286 @ 10 MHz on the Model 30 286
| memory        = 640 KB (8086); 512 KB to 4 MB on the board (286)
| storage       = One or two 3.5" diskette drives; optional IBM fixed disk drive with its controller on the drive
| display       = MCGA (8086) or VGA (286), integrated on the planar
| sound         = PC speaker; earphone jack
| os            = IBM PC DOS 3.3 and later; IBM OS/2 1.x on the 286
| predecessor   = [[IBM PC XT (5160)]]
| successor     = IBM PS/1; IBM PS/ValuePoint
| model         = 8530
}}

The '''IBM Personal System/2 Model 30''' (machine type '''8530''') is one of the four original PS/2 systems announced on 2 April 1987, alongside the [[IBM PS/2 Model 50]], [[IBM PS/2 Model 60]] and [[IBM PS/2 Model 80]]. It was the lowest-end of the four and was aimed squarely at replacing the [[IBM PC (5150)|PC]] and [[IBM PC XT (5160)|PC XT]]. Unlike the other three, it keeps an '''ISA''' expansion bus rather than Micro Channel.

Two generations were sold:

* '''Model 30''' (8530-002, -021) &mdash; Intel 8086-2 at 8 MHz with MCGA video and three 8-bit ISA slots, from April 1987.<ref name="ann187048">IBM Announcement Letter 187-048, ''IBM Personal System/2 Model 30 (8530-002, -021)'', 2 April 1987. Gives the "Universal 70W power supply, with internal sensing, for worldwide usage", the 8530-002 (two 720 KB diskette drives) and 8530-021 (20 MB fixed disk with integrated controller plus one 720 KB drive) configurations, and MCGA graphics.</ref>
* '''Model 30 286''' (8530-E01, E21, E31, E41) &mdash; 80286 at 10 MHz with VGA and 16-bit ISA, from September 1988.<ref name="ann189035">IBM Announcement Letter 189-035, ''Personal System/2 Model 30 286 (8530-E01)''. Gives the 90-watt dual-voltage power supply with a switch on the rear, the 90&ndash;137 Vac and 180&ndash;265 Vac input ranges, the 10 MHz 80286, VGA graphics and the 1.44 MB diskette drive.</ref>

Both share the case, the single-cable drive arrangement and the PS/2 Mini-DIN keyboard and pointing-device ports. The all-in-one [[IBM PS/2 Model 25|Model 25]] is its close relative: the 8086 planars of the two machines use largely the same reference designators.<ref name="at8530planar">Louis Ohland, Tomáš Slavotínek ''et al.'', "8530 Planar (8086)", Ardent Tool of Capitalism, https://www.ardent-tool.com/8530/Planar.html. Gives the "P-PLANAR" P/N 61X8823 designator map, the two Greenock planar variants (P/N 33F4888 and FRU P/N 33F8474 / P/N 33F4871), the ROM image list, the riser card part numbers (61X8864, 61X8910) and its B1 3 V lithium battery (Panasonic BR-2/3A), the note that reference designators are largely consistent across all 8086-based Model 30 and Model 25 planars, and IBM retain tips H007157, H043664, H067282 and H094152.</ref>

== Submodels ==

<templatestyles src="Template:StyledTable/styles.css" />
{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:95%; text-align:center;"
|+'''IBM PS/2 Model 30 submodels'''
! Submodel !! CPU !! RAM !! Diskette !! Fixed disk !! Video !! Bus
|-
| 8530-002 || 8086-2, 8 MHz || 640 KB || 2 &times; 720 KB || none || MCGA || ISA 8-bit
|-
| 8530-021 || 8086-2, 8 MHz || 640 KB || 1 &times; 720 KB || 20 MB with integrated controller || MCGA || ISA 8-bit
|-
| 8530-E01 || 80286, 10 MHz || 512 KB (4 MB max) || 2 &times; 1.44 MB || none || VGA || ISA 16-bit
|-
| 8530-E21 || 80286, 10 MHz || 1 MB (4 MB max) || 1 &times; 1.44 MB || 20 MB || VGA || ISA 16-bit
|-
| 8530-E31 || 80286, 10 MHz || 1 MB (4 MB max) || 1 &times; 1.44 MB || 30 MB || VGA || ISA 16-bit
|-
| 8530-E41 || 80286, 10 MHz || 1 MB (4 MB max) || 1 &times; 1.44 MB || 45 MB || VGA || ISA 16-bit
|}

The 8530-002 and -021 configurations are IBM's own, from the announcement letter.<ref name="ann187048" />

== Telling the two generations apart ==

{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:95%; text-align:center;"
|+'''Model 30 generation identification'''
! Marker !! Model 30 8086 !! Model 30 286
|-
| Machine types || 8530-002, -021 || 8530-E01, E21, E31, E41
|-
| CPU || Intel 8086-2 at 8 MHz, planar '''U10''' || 80286 at 10 MHz, socket '''ZM36'''
|-
| Chipset || IBM gate arrays || VLSI VL82CPCAT-QC at ZM2&ndash;ZM6
|-
| Video || MCGA || VGA
|-
| Riser || three 8-bit ISA slots || 16-bit ISA
|-
| Extra bus power connector || absent || present (J14, 4-pin)
|-
| Real-time clock || '''NS MM58167AN at U16'''; battery on the '''riser card''' || '''Dallas DS1287''' module at ZM35, cell sealed inside
|-
| Diskette as shipped || 720 KB || 1.44 MB
|-
| Power supply || '''70 W''', internal sensing, no voltage switch || '''90 W''', dual voltage, switch on the rear
|}

Sources: the planar designator maps,<ref name="at8530planar" /><ref name="at8530planar286">Louis Ohland, Tomáš Slavotínek ''et al.'', "8530 286 Planar", Ardent Tool of Capitalism, https://www.ardent-tool.com/8530/Planar_286.html. Gives the full 8530-286 planar designator map (VLSI VL82CPCAT-QC chipset at ZM2&ndash;ZM6, VL16C451 at ZM9, DS1287 RTC/CMOS at ZM35, 8042/8742 keyboard controller at ZM33, 286-10 at ZM36), the old PGA and new PLCC planar builds with FRU P/N 34F0046, the J13 password-override jumper, and IBM retain tip H036143.</ref> IBM's announcement letters<ref name="ann187048" /><ref name="ann189035" /> and IBM's ''Technical Reference''.<ref name="tr30">IBM, ''IBM Personal System/2 Model 30 Technical Reference'', January 1987. [[:File:IBM PS2 Model 30 Technical Reference Jan87.pdf]]. Section 1 lists the system board's integrated I/O functions, including "Real-time clock with battery", the I/O address map (real-time clock at hex 00B0&ndash;00BF and 00E0&ndash;00EF), and the diskette and fixed-disk connector pin assignments. Section 3 "Power Supply", pages 3-3 to 3-6, gives the 70 W rating, rail currents, regulation tolerances, under-voltage sense levels, power-good characteristics and the P3/P4 pin assignments.</ref>

== Architecture ==

=== Model 30 8086 planar ===

The board exists as the original "P-PLANAR" P/N 61X8823 and two later Greenock builds, P/N 33F4888 and FRU P/N 33F8474 (P/N 33F4871). The layouts look nothing like each other, but the reference designators are largely consistent &mdash; and consistent with the 8086 [[IBM PS/2 Model 25|Model 25]] planars too.<ref name="at8530planar" />

{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:95%;"
|+'''Model 30 8086 planar &mdash; principal designators'''
! Designator !! Device
|-
| U10 || Intel 8086-2 CPU, 8 MHz
|-
| U13 || 8087 coprocessor socket
|-
| U8 || Intel P8253-5 timer
|-
| U5 || Inmos IMSG171S RAMDAC
|-
| U16 || '''NS MM58167AN real-time clock'''
|-
| U17, U20 || ROM BIOS (even / odd)
|-
| U18 || NEC uPD765AC diskette controller
|-
| U19 || 8237A DMA controller
|-
| U27 || NS8250AV UART
|-
| J1 / J2 || Mouse / keyboard connectors
|-
| J6 || Riser slot
|-
| J7, J9 || Power connectors
|-
| J11 || '''44-pin fixed-disk connector'''
|-
| J12 || 40-pin diskette connector
|-
| J13 || Dual 30-pin SIMM socket
|-
| F1 / F2 || Mouse and keyboard fuses
|-
| Y1 / Y2 / Y3 || 14.31818 / 25.175 / 48.000 MHz oscillators
|-
| Y4 || '''32.768 kHz crystal''' (real-time clock)
|}

'''The 8086 Model 30 does have a real-time clock.''' IBM lists "real-time clock with battery" among the system board's integrated functions, gives it IRQ2 and I/O addresses hex 00B0&ndash;00BF and 00E0&ndash;00EF, and the planar carries the MM58167AN at U16 with its own 32.768 kHz crystal at Y4.<ref name="tr30" /><ref name="at8530planar" /> The '''cell is not on the planar''' &mdash; it is a 3 V lithium Panasonic BR-2/3A at '''B1 on the riser card''' (riser P/N 61X8864 or 61X8910).<ref name="at8530planar" /> That is the part to look for when the clock will not hold time, and it is easy to miss because it is not where a PC-compatible battery usually is.

Three 62-pin card-edge sockets on the vertical riser extend the I/O channel to three ISA slots.<ref name="tr30" />

=== Model 30 286 planar ===

The 286 board uses the VLSI '''VL82CPCAT-QC''' chipset, in a ZM-prefixed designator scheme: ZM2 VL82C100 peripheral controller, ZM3 VL82C102A memory controller, ZM4 VL82C103A address buffer, ZM5 VL82C104 data buffer, ZM6 VL82C101B system controller, ZM9 VL16C451 parallel port and UART, ZM19 uPD765AC-2 diskette controller, ZM33 8042/8742 keyboard controller, '''ZM35 Dallas DS1287''' RTC/CMOS, ZM36 the 286 CPU (PGA on early boards, PLCC later, FRU P/N 34F0046). Power arrives at J7 and J14; '''J13''' is the password-override jumper.<ref name="at8530planar286" />

The DS1287 has its lithium cell '''sealed inside the module'''. Replacing it means desoldering and fitting a fresh DS12887 or equivalent &mdash; or cutting into the original case to reach the cell and fitting an external holder.<ref name="at8530planar286" />

== Memory ==

* '''Model 30 8086''' &mdash; the machine ships at the 640 KB architectural ceiling, using the dual 30-pin SIMM socket at J13 alongside the on-board DRAM.<ref name="at8530planar" />
* '''Model 30 286''' &mdash; 512 KB minimum, '''4 MB maximum''' on the planar, using 30-pin parity SIMMs with the IBM pinout. Standard PC/AT 30-pin SIMMs may fit physically but are not recognised.

== Display ==

The 8086 Model 30 has MCGA, the same integrated subsystem as the 8086 [[IBM PS/2 Model 25|Model 25]]: all the standard CGA modes plus 640 &times; 480 in two colours and 320 &times; 200 in 256 colours, from a 256-entry 18-bit palette driving three 6-bit DACs. It is '''analogue only''' and will not drive a TTL CGA or MDA monitor.

The Model 30 286 has full VGA integrated on the planar.

== Storage ==

=== Diskette ===

Power and data reach the drive on a single cable from the planar's 40-pin connector; there are no Molex leads in this machine.<ref name="dosdays30">"IBM PS/2 Model 30", DOS Days, https://www.dosdays.co.uk/computers/IBM%20PS2%20Model%2030/ibm_ps2_model_30.php. Source for the single-cable drive interface with no Molex connectors, the extra 4-pin bus power connector added on the Model 30 286, the statement that the fixed-disk interface is neither ESDI nor standard MFM, the drive caddy, and the Sony 1.44 MB drive compatibility note including the "1.44MB" marking on the eject button.</ref> The 8086 Model 30's BIOS supports 720 KB natively; specific Sony 1.44 MB drives are known to work, and a "1.44MB" marking on the eject button is the usual field identifier.<ref name="dosdays30" /> The Model 30 286 supports 1.44 MB properly.

PS/2 3.5-inch drives are '''direct drive''' &mdash; the Mitsubishi MF355C specification states a DC brushless motor coupled straight to the spindle at 300 rpm, with no belt.<ref name="mf355c">Mitsubishi Electric, ''3.5 inch Flexible Disk Drive Standard Specifications, MF355C'', document UGD-0527A, February 1987. [[:File:Mitsubishi MF355C 3.5 inch Diskette Drive Specifications (UGD-0527A, Feb 1987).pdf]]. Section 3 states that the disk rotation mechanism uses a DC brushless direct-drive motor to rotate the spindle directly at 300 rpm; the drive has no belt.</ref> What fails on these drives is the surface-mount electrolytics on the logic board and the corrosion they leave behind.<ref name="ibmfiles">[https://www.ibmfiles.com/pages/ps2capacitors.htm PS/2 Surface Mount Capacitors], ibmfiles.com. Community teardown source; documents surface-mount electrolytic failure and pad corrosion on PS/2 Mitsubishi diskette drives and on the DBA hard-drive logic boards, and the technique of fitting through-hole parts to the surface-mount pads.</ref>

=== Fixed disk ===

'''The Model 30's fixed-disk interface is not ST-506, ESDI or any other standard drive interface.''' IBM's ''Technical Reference'' describes the planar's connector as a dedicated I/O channel "for the connection of the IBM Personal System/2 20MB Fixed Disk Drive and Controller, or similar attachment", carrying ordinary I/O-channel signals plus a disk card-select, a disk-installed signal and three address lines that select a register '''inside the controller'''.<ref name="tr30" /> The controller is part of the drive assembly, and it plugs into the '''44-pin''' connector at J11.<ref name="at8530planar" /><ref name="dosdays30" />

The practical consequence is the one owners run into: the Reference Diskette offers no drive-type list, because there is no drive-type table to choose from. Only drives built for this interface will work, and the drive sits in a caddy.<ref name="dosdays30" />

== Keyboard and Mouse ==

The Model 30 uses the 6-pin Mini-DIN keyboard and pointing-device connectors. On the 8086 machine the two interfaces are identical and IBM states the keyboard and pointing device may "plug into either of the two 6-pin connectors at the rear of the system".<ref name="tr30" /> The 286 planar uses a discrete 8042/8742 at ZM33 instead.<ref name="at8530planar286" />

Each port is fuse-protected on the planar (F1 and F2, combined into F1 on the later Greenock board).<ref name="at8530planar" /> A '''305''' at POST is a keyboard voltage error and IBM's first suggested FRU is that fuse.<ref name="aterr">"PS/2 Error Codes", Ardent Tool of Capitalism, https://www.ardent-tool.com/trouble/ps2error.html, with the error code listings at https://www.ardent-tool.com/trouble/error_02.html (160&ndash;199) and https://www.ardent-tool.com/trouble/error_04.html (300&ndash;999). Gives the beep codes, the 161/162/163/167/168 battery and clock cluster with IBM's FRU order and the lithium battery caution, the 301&ndash;307 keyboard cluster including 305 "keyboard voltage error" with the keyboard port fuse as first FRU, the diskette cluster including 604 "unsupported drive or cable" and 662/663 wrong drive and media type, the dead-system isolation procedure, and the warning that soft-booting the Reference Diskette can produce false errors.</ref>

== Power Supply ==

'''Two supplies, 70 W and 90 W. There is no 80 W Model 30 supply.'''

* '''Model 30 8086''' &mdash; IBM's announcement letter specifies a "Universal 70W power supply, with internal sensing, for worldwide usage". There is no voltage selector switch to set.<ref name="ann187048" /> IBM's ''Technical Reference'' gives the 70 W rating along with the rail currents, regulation tolerances, under-voltage sense levels, power-good characteristics and the P3/P4 pin assignments.<ref name="tr30" />
* '''Model 30 286''' &mdash; a '''90 W''' dual-voltage supply with a switch on the rear, accepting 90&ndash;137 Vac or 180&ndash;265 Vac.<ref name="ann189035" /> '''Set that switch before the cord goes into the wall.'''<ref name="atpower">Louis Ohland, Tomáš Slavotínek ''et al.'', "8525 / 8530 Power", Ardent Tool of Capitalism, https://www.ardent-tool.com/8530/Power.html. Transcribes IBM's Hardware Maintenance Service data for the 8525 and 8530: the J7 connector measurement limits for the Models 25, 25 SX and 25-286, the minimum under-voltage sense levels, the power-good range and the dead-system isolation procedure, and the warning that the manually-switchable supply must be set before the cord is plugged in.</ref>

The supply generates 'power good' after the system has been off for five seconds or more, once the minimum under-voltage sense levels are established: +5 V at +4.5 V, &minus;5 V at &minus;4.3 V, +12 V at +10.8 V and &minus;12 V at &minus;10.2 V. Power Good itself should read +3.5 to +5 V on a working machine; if it does not, strip the machine to the planar and add devices back one at a time, because a short on any of them will hold it down.<ref name="atpower" />

Measurement limits at the P3/P4 connectors, for a machine that is running:<ref name="atpower" />

{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:80%; text-align:center;"
|+'''Model 30 / 30 286 &mdash; P3 / P4 measurement limits'''
! &minus; lead !! + lead !! Minimum !! Maximum
|-
| P3-5 || P4-4 || +4.8 V || +5.2 V
|-
| P4-3 || P3-6 || +4.6 V || +5.5 V
|-
| P4-1 || P3-3 || +11.5 V || +12.6 V
|-
| P3-4 || P4-2 || +10.8 V || +13.2 V
|}

== BIOS and Reference Diskette ==

Split '''CBIOS''' / '''ABIOS''', as on every PS/2. There is no built-in SETUP screen: configuration is done from the model-specific '''Reference Diskette''', which also carries Advanced Diagnostics (Ctrl-A). The 8086 and 286 Reference Diskettes are '''different''' and neither works on the other machine or on a [[IBM PS/2 Model 25|Model 25]].

Cold-boot the Reference Diskette. A warm boot can produce false errors, including a false indication that a power-on password is set.<ref name="aterr" /> On the 286, the power-on password is cleared with the '''J13''' jumper, moved between the first-and-second and second-and-third pin positions.<ref name="gto30286">IBM, ''Personal System/2 Model 30 286 Guide to Operations'', first edition, September 1988. [[:File:IBM PS2 Model 30 286 Guide to Operations.pdf]]. "Cover Removal", page 2-2, and "Power-on Password Reset", pages 3-4 and 3-5, which locate the J13 jumper on the system board and describe moving it between the first-and-second and second-and-third pin positions.</ref>

== General Maintenance ==

Opening the machine, the captive push-pin fittings, rail checks, the riser battery and connector care are in [[IBM PS/2 Model 30 Maintenance Guide]].

== Troubleshooting ==

Beep codes, the numeric POST code list, dead-system isolation and the documented IBM retain tips are in [[IBM PS/2 Model 30 Troubleshooting Guide]].

== Capacitor Replacement ==

Planar decoupling, the supply, and the diskette and fixed-disk logic boards are in [[IBM PS/2 Model 30 Capacitor Replacement Guide]].

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="220">
File:IBM PS2 Model 30 system unit.jpg|IBM PS/2 Model 30 (8530) system unit
File:IBM PS2 Model 30 286 front view.jpg|Model 30 286 front view
File:IBM PS2 Model 30 286 open top.jpg|Model 30 286 with the cover off
File:IBM PS2 Model 30 8086 badge.svg|8086 front badge
File:IBM PS2 Model 30 286 badge.svg|Model 30 286 front badge
</gallery>

== References ==

<references />

== Related Pages ==

* [[IBM PS/2 Model 30 Maintenance Guide]] &middot; [[IBM PS/2 Model 30 Troubleshooting Guide]] &middot; [[IBM PS/2 Model 30 Capacitor Replacement Guide]]
* [[IBM PS/2 Model 25]] &mdash; the all-in-one sibling
* [[IBM PS/2 Model 50]] &middot; [[IBM PS/2 Model 60]] &middot; [[IBM PS/2 Model 80]]
* [[IBM PC XT (5160)]] &mdash; the machine it replaced
* [[IBM PS2 Model 30 Technical Reference (January 1987)]] &mdash; IBM's own reference, hosted here

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[[Category:IBM]]