Editing Macintosh IIci

{{Infobox computer
| name         = Macintosh IIci
| image        = [[File:Mac IIci Recap Guide.jpg|250px]]
| caption      = The Macintosh IIci logic board, 820-0242-A
| manufacturer = Apple Computer, Inc.
| type         = Desktop personal computer
| released     = 20 September 1989
| discontinued = 10 February 1993
| price        = US$8,798 at introduction
| cpu          = Motorola 68030 at 25 MHz
| fpu          = Motorola 68882 at 25 MHz
| memory       = 1 MB or 4 MB standard, expandable to 128 MB with 80 ns or faster SIMMs
| rom          = 512 KB, '''32-bit clean'''
| storage      = Optional internal 40, 80 or 160 MB SCSI hard drive
| media        = Internal 1.4 MB SuperDrive
| graphics     = Built in, DB-15 port; shares main memory for the frame buffer
| sound        = Apple sound chip, 8-bit stereo sampling at 44.1 kHz, four-voice wavetable synthesis
| expansion    = Three NuBus slots and a cache-card connector
| ports        = Two ADB, two RS-232/RS-422 mini DIN-8 serial, DB-25 SCSI, DB-19 floppy, DB-15 video, stereo sound jack
| power        = 100–240 VAC auto-configuring, 50–60 Hz, 90 W maximum
| dimensions   = 5.5 × 11.9 × 14.4 in (14.0 × 30.2 × 36.5 cm)
| weight       = 14 lb (6.4 kg) with an internal hard drive
| predecessor  = [[Macintosh IIcx]]
| successor    = [[Macintosh Quadra 700]]
| model        = M5780 (order no. M5710LL/A); Gestalt ID 11
}}
The '''Macintosh IIci''', introduced on 20 September 1989, is the [[Macintosh IIcx]] case with a faster processor and three firsts for the Macintosh II line: a '''32-bit clean ROM''', '''built-in video''' and a '''cache connector'''.<ref name="everymac" />

Everything on this page that is a number comes from Apple's own ''Service Source'' for the IIcx, IIci and Quadra 700, hosted on this wiki, or from a named community source.<ref name="ss-iicx">Apple Computer, ''Service Source: Macintosh IIcx/IIci/Quadra 700''. Hosted on this wiki as [[:File:Quadra 700.mac iicx.iici.pdf]]; see [[Macintosh IIcx/IIci/ Quadra 700 Service Source]]. Chapters used: Specifications, Troubleshooting (Symptom Charts), Take Apart and Additional Procedures (Battery Verification).</ref>

== Specification ==

<templatestyles src="Template:StyledTable/styles.css" />
{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:88%;"
|+ Apple's specification
! Item !! Figure
|-
| Processor || Motorola 68030 at 25 MHz
|-
| Coprocessor || Built-in floating-point unit (Motorola 68882)
|-
| RAM || 1 MB, expandable to '''128 MB''' (80 ns or faster SIMMs)
|-
| ROM || '''512 K''', 32-bit clean
|-
| Expansion || Three NuBus slots
|-
| Video || One DB-15 port for built-in video
|-
| Video modes || 640 × 480 at up to 256 colours or greys (8 bits per pixel); 640 × 870 at up to 16 greys
|-
| Sound || Apple sound chip: 8-bit stereo sampling at 44.1 kHz, four-voice wavetable synthesis
|-
| Line voltage || 100–240 VAC, automatically configured
|-
| Frequency || 50–60 Hz, single phase
|-
| Maximum power || '''90 W''', monitor excluded
|-
| Dimensions || 5.5 × 11.9 × 14.4 in (14.0 × 30.2 × 36.5 cm)
|-
| Weight || 14 lb (6.4 kg) with an internal hard drive
|}

All of that is Apple's.<ref name="ss-iicx" />

=== Why the 32-bit clean ROM matters for repair ===

The IIci is the first Macintosh whose ROM contains no 24-bit addressing code, so '''no MODE32 and no 32-Bit System Enabler is needed to use more than 8&nbsp;MB'''.<ref name="everymac" /> On a [[Macintosh IIx|IIx]] or [[Macintosh IIcx|IIcx]], a machine reporting 8&nbsp;MB with 32&nbsp;MB fitted is a software configuration problem. On a IIci it is a fault: check the SIMMs, the sockets and the bank population before anything else.

=== Built-in video takes memory ===

The IIci has no VRAM. The built-in video draws its frame buffer from main memory — between 64&nbsp;K and 320&nbsp;K depending on the resolution and depth in use.<ref name="everymac" /> Two consequences on the bench:

* '''"About This Macintosh" always shows slightly less RAM than is fitted.''' That is the frame buffer, not a bad SIMM.
* '''Built-in video performance depends on which memory bank is populated.''' The machine is faster with the video frame buffer in a bank that is not also being hammered by the processor, which is why IIci owners have always argued about SIMM placement. It is a performance characteristic, not a fault.

=== The cache connector ===

The IIci has a dedicated connector for a '''32&nbsp;K level-2 cache card''', provided as a plug-in card on early machines and soldered down on later ones.<ref name="everymac" /> Apple's developer note gives its signal definitions, including that the card should pull '''/BGACK''' up to +5&nbsp;V.<ref name="dn-iici">Apple Computer, ''Macintosh IIci Developer Note''. Hosted on this wiki as [[:File:Macintosh IIci Developer Note.pdf]]; see [[Macintosh IIci Developer Note]].</ref>

If your machine has the card, it is a part you can reseat — which makes it worth reseating before you suspect anything more expensive. If it does not, there is nothing to reseat and nothing missing.

== Power ==

The IIci uses the same physical supply family as the [[Macintosh IIcx|IIcx]], the IIvi/IIvx and the [[Macintosh Quadra 700|Quadra 700]], at different ratings.

{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:95%;"
|+ Apple part numbers and rated outputs for this supply family
! Apple P/N !! Fitted to !! Manufacturer and model !! Rated output
|-
| 699-0392 || IIci || Astec AA15830 || +5 V 12 A • +12 V 1.5 A • −12 V 1.0 A • +5 V 1 mA continuous
|-
| 614-0004 || IIci, Quadra 700 || Astec AA15831 • GE 9T89Y5005G11 || +5 V 12 A • +12 V 1.5 A • −12 V 1.0 A • +5 V 1 mA continuous
|-
| 614-0009 || Centris 650, Power Macintosh 7100 || Astec AA16870 • Delta SMP-120EB || +5 V 15 A • +12 V 2.5 A • −12 V 0.6 A • +5 V 1 mA continuous
|}

Those are rating-plate readings taken from physical units by 68kMLA members, not Apple publications, and they are quoted here because they are checkable against the label on your own supply.<ref name="mla">68kMLA forum thread [https://68kmla.org/bb/threads/compact-desktop-power-supply-capacitor-lists-by-make-and-model.35890/ "Compact Desktop Power Supply Capacitor Lists (by make and model)"], posts by jessenator, Fizzbinn and Franklinstein. Secondary source: rating-plate readings taken from members’ own supplies. Used here for Apple part numbers 699-0392, 614-0004 and 614-0009, their manufacturers and model numbers, and their rated rail currents.</ref> Note that '''there is no −5 V output''' on any of them.

'''The "+5 V 1 mA continuous" line is the trickle rail, and it is the first useful go/no-go check on a dead machine.''' It is alive whenever the mains lead is plugged in, switched on or not, because it keeps the soft-power circuit and the clock running. Present means the primary side is working and the fault is downstream; absent means the fault is in the mains input, the primary switcher or the standby circuit.

Console5 records the IIci supply as a GE 9T89Y5005G11 or a Delta SMP-120EB, which matches the Apple 614-0004 and 614-0009 entries above.<ref name="console5">Console5 TechWiki, Apple computer pages — https://wiki.console5.com/wiki/Category:Computer . Secondary source: community-maintained per-designator capacitor lists compiled from physical boards. Used here for logic-board assembly numbers and per-designator capacitor lists where Console5 carries the board.</ref>

=== What Apple does and does not publish ===

'''Apple publishes no rail tolerance and no power-supply adjustment procedure for the IIcx, IIci or Quadra 700.''' The ''Service Source'' contains no acceptable-range table for any rail and no trimmer adjustment; every power fault in the symptom charts ends in "Replace power supply".<ref name="ss-iicx" /> The "+5&nbsp;V 4.85–5.15&nbsp;V / +12&nbsp;V 11.9–12.7&nbsp;V" table that circulates on pages of this era is Apple's '''Macintosh Plus''' procedure — genuine there, where it uses voltage test cable 077-0135 on the external floppy port — copied onto machines it was never written for. Neither it nor any invented substitute appears on this page.

What you can do instead is measure against a known load. Each rail at the logic-board power connector should sit close to nominal with the machine running and should not move when a drive spins up. A rail that sags under load points at the supply; a rail that measures as a short to ground with the supply disconnected points at the logic board.

=== Recapping the supply ===

You may open it. Understand what is live in it first: it is mains-rectified, so with the cover off and the lead plugged in the fuse, input filter, bridge rectifier and reservoir capacitors sit at mains potential and hold a charge after the plug comes out. Unplug, discharge each large reservoir through a 1&nbsp;kΩ / 5&nbsp;W resistor, and confirm with a meter before a tool goes near the primary side. '''If two reservoir capacitors sit in series across the rectified mains, replace both together with matched parts''' — a single capacitor in place of the pair will fail on European mains, violently.

== Battery ==

A '''3.6&nbsp;V lithium half-AA cell''' in a holder on the logic board keeps the real-time clock and parameter RAM alive with the machine unplugged.

* Set a meter to the '''10 V DC''' range.
* Positive probe on the positive end of the cell, negative probe on the other.
* '''Replace the cell if it reads below 2.8&nbsp;V.'''<ref name="ss-iicx" />

'''2.8 V is this machine's figure.''' It is not the 3.2&nbsp;V of the [[Macintosh IIx|II/IIx/IIfx]], the Centris machines and the larger Quadras, and not the 3.0&nbsp;V of the [[Macintosh IIsi|IIsi]] and the LC series. Apple's thresholds are machine-specific and are routinely transplanted between pages; use the one printed in your own machine's manual.<ref name="ss-iicx" />

Apple publishes no replacement interval, and none is invented here: a cell above 2.8&nbsp;V is doing its job, and one below it should come out today whatever its age.

=== If it has leaked ===

'''This is a lithium cell, so neutralise with bicarbonate of soda, not vinegar.''' Vinegar is the right treatment for alkaline leakage, which is basic; it is the wrong treatment here and it adds water and chloride to an already corroded board. Use a paste of sodium bicarbonate and distilled water, rinse with distilled water, follow with isopropyl alcohol and dry thoroughly. Then buzz out every track running away from the holder, and check the underside of the board — electrolyte wicks down through vias.

See [[Battery Explosion, Capacitor or Corrosion Damage]] and [[Battery Refurbishment]].

'''Take the cell out before the machine goes into storage.'''

Apple's symptom chart puts '''"replace battery"''' as the first cure for a clock that does not run on this machine, ahead of the logic board.<ref name="ss-iicx" /> Apple's developer note describes the parameter RAM as having seven-year battery protection — which is the design intent, not a service interval, and tells you nothing about a cell that has been in the machine since 1992.<ref name="dn-iici" />

== Capacitors ==

Logic board '''820-0242-A''' (1989). Fourteen electrolytics:<ref name="macdat">MacDat Capacitor Reference Library, Apple section — https://macdat.net/repair/cap_reference/apple/ . Secondary source: a community-maintained capacitor reference compiled from physical boards, giving value-and-count lists and, for most boards, an annotated reference photograph. Used here for the per-board electrolytic complements quoted, which agree with Recap-a-Mac’s independently produced board photographs wherever both cover the same board.</ref><ref name="ramci">Recap-a-Mac, Macintosh IIci — https://recapamac.com.au/macintosh-iici/ . Annotated photograph of the 820-0242-A logic board with each electrolytic marked with its value, working voltage and positive terminal. Hosted on this wiki as [[:File:Mac IIci Recap Guide.jpg]]. Secondary source: one repairer’s reading of boards handled personally.</ref>

{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:75%; text-align:center;"
|+ Macintosh IIci logic board 820-0242-A
! Value !! Working voltage !! Quantity !! Package
|-
| 47 µF || 16 V || '''8''' || Surface-mount
|-
| 470 µF || '''25 V''' || '''3''' || Axial
|-
| 220 µF || '''25 V''' || '''1''' || Axial
|-
| 10 µF || 16 V || '''2''' || Surface-mount
|}

'''Note the axial voltage ratings.''' MacDat records the IIci's four axial capacitors as '''25&nbsp;V''' parts, against 16&nbsp;V on the otherwise very similar [[Macintosh IIcx|IIcx]] board, and flags the difference explicitly on both pages.<ref name="macdat" /> Fit 25&nbsp;V here. A higher rating is never a hazard; a lower one is exactly the class of mistake this wiki exists to stop.

'''Console5 carries no IIci capacitor list''', so unlike the IIx and IIcx this complement rests on two sources rather than three: MacDat's reference list and Recap-a-Mac's annotated photograph, hosted here as [[:File:Mac IIci Recap Guide.jpg]].<ref name="macdat" /><ref name="ramci" /> Both are readings of physical boards; Apple published no component-level capacitor data for any Macintosh of this era. '''Read the value and voltage off each can before you lift it.'''

[[File:Mac IIci Recap Guide.jpg|center|thumb|750px|Macintosh IIci logic board 820-0242-A. The battery holder (BT1) is at top right beside the RTC and its 32.768 kHz crystal; the ROM DIPs and ROM SIM socket are on the right-hand edge. Source: Recap-a-Mac.]]

The failure pattern is the family one — audio first, then intermittent starting, then visible residue. See [[Capacitor Failure Symptoms]].

== Connectors and sockets ==

Oxidised contacts cause more intermittent faults on a machine this age than failed silicon does, and they are the cheapest thing to put right.

* '''SIMM sockets.''' Clean with isopropyl alcohol on a swab and reseat. Do not take an abrasive to a module's gold fingers — once you are through the plating, the base metal oxidises and then transfers to every socket the module touches.
* '''VRAM sockets.''' Same treatment. Video faults that come and go when the case is knocked usually start here.
* '''NuBus and PDS slots.''' Inspect for bent contacts and debris before a card goes home; check the card's edge fingers too.
* '''ROM SIMM socket''', where one is fitted. A poorly seated ROM gives a machine that chimes and does nothing else.
* '''Logic-board power connector.''' Look for browning or a distorted housing. A discoloured power connector is a warning, not a cosmetic problem.
* '''ADB, serial, SCSI and floppy connectors.''' Reseat; check ribbon cables for cracked conductors where they fold.

A contact cleaner such as DeoxIT D5 earns its place on genuinely corroded contacts. It is not a preventive treatment and it does not belong on clean gold.

Two more specific to this board: the '''cache connector''', where one is populated, and the '''ROM DIPs at UM10–UM13''' alongside the ROM SIM socket. A poorly seated ROM gives a machine that chimes and does nothing else.

== Cleaning ==

=== Opening the case ===

The IIcx and IIci chassis is the easiest of the Macintosh II family to work on: release the catches and the cover lifts away, and the logic board slides out of the bottom case on rails once the drives and the supply are clear. There are no hidden screws.

=== Inside ===

* Compressed air and an anti-static brush on the logic board, the supply and the fan. Hold the fan blade still while you blow it: spinning a fan with compressed air drives it as a generator and puts a reverse voltage back down its cable.
* Isopropyl alcohol (99&nbsp;%) and a soft brush for grime, working outwards from each capacitor and from the battery holder.
* Check the underside of the board as well as the top. Both battery and capacitor electrolyte travel through vias.

=== Outside ===

* A damp microfibre cloth and mild detergent. No abrasives, no solvents — the texture on these shells does not survive either.
* ADB keyboards come apart for washing: keycaps off, warm soapy water, dry them completely, then clean the contacts with isopropyl alcohol.
* Mouse ball out, rollers scraped and wiped with isopropyl alcohol.

The platinum-grey plastics yellow with age. The discolouration is in the body of the plastic rather than on the surface, so cleaning will not shift it; see [[Retrobrite]] for what can be done and what it costs in brittleness.

== Floppy drive ==

'''The 1.4&nbsp;MB Apple SuperDrive is direct drive. It has no belt.''' Advice to fit a new belt to a sluggish or non-ejecting SuperDrive — including to the auto-inject version — is wrong: there is nothing there to replace. What these drives actually suffer is hardened grease on the head carriage and eject rails, dust in the mechanism, and dirty or worn heads. On manual-inject drives a worn eject gear is a genuine and common failure.

* Clean the heads with isopropyl alcohol on a lint-free swab, supporting the upper head arm so it is not sprung.
* If the rails are stiff, re-lubricate with a '''silicone''' grease — not white lithium grease, which gums up as it ages.
* If a disc will not eject, hold the mouse button down while switching the machine on to run a full eject cycle before taking anything apart.

See [[Macintosh Floppy Drive Maintenance]].

== Hard disk ==

The original SCSI mechanisms are past thirty years old and the usual failures are a stuck spindle, dried head-park grease and dead controller electronics. Solid-state replacements — BlueSCSI, ZuluSCSI, SCSI2SD — are quieter, cooler and considerably more reliable, and they let you keep the original drive on a shelf.

Whatever you fit, get the termination right: the drive at the end of the internal bus must be terminated, and '''the computer itself is always SCSI ID 7'''. See [[Macintosh HDD Maintenance]].

Apple's own SCSI notes for this chassis: the external device's ID switch must not be set to '''0''' (the internal drive) or '''7''' (the computer), and Apple resolves both "drive icon does not appear" and "data is lost or corrupted" to a termination check.<ref name="ss-iicx" />

== Easter egg ==

Set the system date to '''20 September 1989''' — the machine's introduction date — set the display to 8-bit colour, and restart holding '''Command-Option-C-I'''. A colour photograph of the IIci design team appears; click the mouse to continue.<ref name="eggs">[https://wiki.preterhuman.net/The_Macintosh/Newton_Easter_Egg_List "The Macintosh/Newton Easter Egg List"], Higher Intellect Vintage Wiki, a mirror of the long-running Usenet Macintosh Easter egg list. Secondary source. Used here for the exact key combinations and date settings for the Macintosh IIci and Macintosh IIfx design-team pictures, and for the observation that both machines display the same image.</ref>

The [[Macintosh IIfx|IIfx]] has the same egg on its own date with its own key combination, and displays the same picture.<ref name="eggs" />

== Things that are not faults ==

* '''Slightly less RAM reported than fitted.''' The built-in video frame buffer lives in main memory.<ref name="everymac" />
* '''A cache connector with nothing in it.''' The card was an option and was soldered down on later boards.<ref name="everymac" />
* '''640 × 480 at 8 bits being the limit of the built-in video.''' That is Apple's published figure; more needs a NuBus card.<ref name="ss-iicx" />

== Storage ==

* '''Take the battery out.'''
* Store dry and at room temperature — not a loft, not a garage.
* If the logic board comes out, bag it anti-statically and lay it flat.
* Nothing needs periodic running. "Power it up every few months to keep the capacitors formed" is repeated widely and supported nowhere for machines of this kind. The real hazard to a stored Macintosh is the cell in the battery holder, and removing it costs nothing.

== Service documentation ==

<pdf width="800" height="500">File:Quadra_700.mac_iicx.iici.pdf</pdf>

== Related pages ==
* [[Macintosh IIcx]] — the same case, one generation earlier
* [[Macintosh Quadra 700]] — the same case, 68040
* [[Macintosh IIx]]
* [[Macintosh IIcx/IIci/ Quadra 700 Service Source]]
* [[Macintosh IIci Developer Note]]
* [[Capacitor Failure Symptoms]]
* [[Battery Explosion, Capacitor or Corrosion Damage]]
* [[Recommended Tools]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Apple Vintage Computers]]
{{Navbox-AppleVintage|state=collapsed}}