Editing Atari 1010

{{Infobox computer peripheral
| name         = Atari 1010 Program Recorder
| image        = [[File:Atari 1010 program recorder.jpg|260px|frameless]]
| caption      = Atari 1010 Program Recorder
| manufacturer = Atari, Inc.; mechanisms by Sanyo (1010S) and Chelco (1010C)
| type         = Cassette data recorder
| release_date = Introduced December 1982; shipping from spring 1983<ref name="faq" />
| price        = US$99 (December 1982)<ref name="faq" />
| interface    = Atari SIO, two I/O connectors<ref name="faq" />
| compatible   = Atari 8-bit computers<ref name="faq" />
| media        = Compact cassette; data on one track, audio on the other<ref name="faq" />
| power        = External 9 V AC adaptor<ref name="fsm" /><ref name="faq" />
| predecessor  = Atari 410 Program Recorder<ref name="wp" />
| successor    = Atari XC11 and XC12<ref name="wp" />
}}

The '''Atari 1010 Program Recorder''' is the cassette data recorder Atari introduced in December 1982 alongside the [[Atari 1200XL|1200XL]], styled to match the XL computers. It shipped in spring 1983.<ref name="faq" /> It stores programs and data at 600 bit/s on ordinary audio cassettes, using one track for data and the other for an audio track that a program can play through the television while it loads.<ref name="faq" />

== Versions ==

Atari built two versions with different mechanisms and boards. Its field service manual calls them the 1010S and the 1010C.<ref name="fsm">Atari, Inc., ''1010 Cassette Recorder Field Service Manual'', FD100223 Rev. 02, September 1983. Introduction (p. v); theory of operation (pp. 1-1 to 1-3); testing and troubleshooting (pp. 3-1 to 3-12); diagnostic flowcharts (section 4); symptom checklists (pp. 5-1 and 5-2); parts lists (pp. 6-1 and 6-2). Hosted here as [[:File:Atari 1010 Cassette Recorder Field Service Manual FD100223 Rev 02.pdf]].</ref>

<templatestyles src="Template:StyledTable/styles.css" />
{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:70%; text-align:center;"
|+'''Telling the two 1010 versions apart (FD100223)'''
! !! 1010S !! 1010C
|-
| Mechanism maker || Sanyo || Chelco
|-
| FCC ID prefix (on the base) || BPA99H-1010 || BPA7YJ-1010
|-
| Button order, left to right || PAUSE before STOP/EJ || STOP/EJ before PAUSE
|-
| Sticker inside the cassette bay || Orange || Silver
|-
| Data circuit || LA3160 (IC1) and MB3614 (IC2) || LM324 quad op-amp (A100) and discrete transistors
|}

The FCC prefixes, button order and data circuits are from Atari's manual;<ref name="fsm" /> the sticker colours are from Wikipedia;<ref name="wp">Wikipedia, "Atari Program Recorder", section "1010". [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari_Program_Recorder en.wikipedia.org]. Used for history and the bay sticker colours.</ref> the makers' names are from the FAQ.<ref name="faq" /> Owners on AtariAge describe the Sanyo version as Japanese-built and the Chelco version as built in Hong Kong.<ref name="aa226758">"Atari 1010 belt sizes - drive and counter - anyone?", AtariAge Forums, Atari 8-Bit Computers, thread started by TheRealAnubis, 21 June 2014, replies by russg and mike.2000 (29 November 2018). [https://forums.atariage.com/topic/226758-atari-1010-belt-sizes-drive-and-counter-anyone/ forums.atariage.com]. Community repair report.</ref>

== Specifications ==

* Data rate: 600 bit/s.<ref name="faq" />
* Capacity: about 100,000 bytes per 60-minute cassette.<ref name="faq" />
* Tracks: four-track, two-channel, with digital data on one channel and audio on the other.<ref name="faq" />
* Data encoding: frequency-shift keying between 3995 Hz and 5327 Hz.<ref name="fsm" />
* Connectors: two SIO I/O connectors, so the recorder can sit anywhere in the daisy chain, and a POWER IN jack for the adaptor.<ref name="faq" /><ref name="og">Atari, Inc., ''The Atari 1010 Program Recorder Owner's Guide'' (1982), set-up, controls, loading and saving, and care pages. Hosted here as [[:File:Atari 1010 Program Recorder Owner's Guide.pdf]].</ref>
* Controls: REC, PLAY, REWIND, ADVANCE, STOP/EJ and PAUSE keys, a counter reset button and a power light.<ref name="og" />

== Hardware ==

Both versions take 9 V AC from an external adaptor and rectify it with a bridge on the board. On early units the power LED lights as soon as the adaptor is plugged in; on later units it lights only after PLAY, REWIND or ADVANCE is pressed.<ref name="fsm" />

The computer starts and stops the tape through the motor control line, SIO pin 8. On the 1010C it drives Q107 and Q108, and a switch on the mechanism closes when PLAY, ADVANCE or REWIND is pressed. The 1010C's data circuit takes its +5 V from the computer.<ref name="fsm" />

The 1010S records with maximum current at 5327 Hz; C10 tunes the record/play head to a peak near 5.5 kHz, and the limiter equalises the 3995 Hz and 5327 Hz tones before two envelope detectors and a low-pass output stage turn them into data at 600 baud.<ref name="fsm" /> In the 1010C, an LM324 limiting amplifier (A100A) feeds two active filters (A100B and A100C), whose rectified outputs drive a comparator (A100D); Q103 then drives the data line to the computer.<ref name="fsm" />

=== Power adaptor ===

The FAQ lists the 1010's North American adaptor as 9 V AC, 4.5 VA (500 mA), Atari CO61515 or CO61516, and the UK version as 8.5 V AC, 4.25 VA, CO61516/34. The larger 9 V AC adaptors sold with the 400, 800 and 1050 also suit it.<ref name="faq" /> Atari's service manual parts lists name C017945, the 31 VA adaptor, for both versions.<ref name="fsm" />

== Known faults ==

* Stretched or perished drive and counter belts.<ref name="aa226758" />
* Head out of alignment or worn; many of Atari's flowcharts end in a new head.<ref name="fsm" /><ref name="aa226758" />
* Motor speed drift, set by a trimmer on the 1010S and a screw inside the motor on the 1010C.<ref name="fsm" />
* Loading errors 138 and 143 when the tape leader is read as data.<ref name="og" />

The fixes are on the [[Atari 1010 Maintenance Guide]] and the [[Atari 1010 Troubleshooting]] page.

== Documentation ==

* [[Atari 1010 Documentation]]: the field service manual and owner's guide, with contents.
* [[:File:Atari 1010 Cassette Recorder Field Service Manual FD100223 Rev 02.pdf|1010 Cassette Recorder Field Service Manual]], FD100223 Rev. 02 (September 1983), with schematics and silkscreens for both versions.
* [[:File:Atari 1010 Program Recorder Owner's Guide.pdf|The Atari 1010 Program Recorder Owner's Guide]] (1982).

== Related pages ==

* [[Atari 1010 Maintenance Guide]]
* [[Atari 1010 Troubleshooting]]
* [[Atari 1010 Documentation]]
* [[Atari 1050]]
* [[Atari 800XL]]

== References ==

<references>
<ref name="faq">Michael D. Current (ed.), ''Atari 8-Bit Computers: Frequently Asked Questions'', comp.sys.atari.8bit FAQ, last modified 29 November 2009: section 3.1 (program recorders), section 6.7 (power requirements) and section 11.1 (history, December 1982 to spring 1983, including the US$99 introductory price). [http://www.faqs.org/faqs/atari-8-bit/faq/ faqs.org]. Community reference.</ref>
</references>

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