Editing Atari 1040STFM

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{{Infobox computer
| name = Atari 1040STFM
| image = [[File:Atari_1040STFM_system.jpg|250px]]
| manufacturer = Atari Corporation
| type = Home computer / personal computer
| caption = Atari 1040STFM
| release date = {{Start date|1987}}
| discontinued = 1990
| price = UK £399 (1987 launch); approximately US$699–US$799 (varied by market and bundle)
| cpu = Motorola MC68000 @ 8 MHz
| memory = 1 MB RAM
| storage = Internal 3.5-inch DS/DD 720 KB floppy drive; external floppy via 14-pin DIN; external ACSI hard disks
| display = 320×200 (16 colours), 640×200 (4 colours), 640×400 (mono); RF output for television
| sound = Yamaha YM2149F (3 voices + noise)
| dimensions = 78 mm × 470 mm × 330 mm (3.1 × 18.5 × 13 in) approximately
| weight = ≈5.5 kg (12 lb)
| os = Atari TOS 1.02 / 1.04 (192 KB ROM)
| predecessor = [[Atari 1040STF]]
| successor = [[Atari 1040STE]]
}}

The '''Atari 1040STFM''' is a model in the Atari ST family that combines 1 MB of RAM, an internal floppy disk drive, and a built-in RF modulator in a single "long case" unit with an internal power supply. The designation stands for '''1040''' (1 MB RAM), '''ST''' (Sixteen/Thirty-two), '''F''' (internal Floppy drive), and '''M''' (RF Modulator).

The 1040STFM was the most complete and versatile of the "standard" ST models, offering everything needed for both professional use (dedicated monitor via RGB) and home use (television via RF) in one box. It shares the C070789-001 motherboard with the [[Atari 520STFM]], differing only in having all RAM positions populated to provide 1 MB.

== History ==

The 1040STFM was introduced in 1987 as Atari refined its ST product line. While the [[Atari 1040STF|1040STF]] (1986) had been targeted at professional users who already owned a monitor, the 1040STFM added the RF modulator to serve the broader home computing market.

In the UK, the 1040STFM was particularly successful, selling alongside and eventually replacing the [[Atari 520STFM]] as the standard Atari home computer. The 1 MB RAM gave it an advantage over the 512 KB 520STFM, as more demanding software and larger applications became the norm.

The BYTE magazine cover from March 1986 famously showed a system labelled "1040STFM" while the article simply called it "the 1040ST", illustrating how the F and FM suffixes were often dropped in casual usage despite indicating important hardware differences.

The 1040STFM was eventually superseded by the [[Atari 1040STE|1040STE]] in 1989, which retained the 1 MB/floppy/modulator configuration but added significant hardware enhancements including DMA stereo audio, hardware fine scrolling, an enhanced colour palette (4096 colours vs. 512), and a BLiTTER chip as standard.

== Architecture ==

* '''CPU:''' Motorola MC68000 @ 8 MHz
* '''Architecture:''' 16/32-bit (32-bit internal, 16-bit external data bus, 24-bit address bus)
* '''RAM:''' 1 MB (all positions populated on the C070789-001 board)
* '''ROM:''' 192 KB TOS 1.02 ("Mega TOS") or TOS 1.04 ("Rainbow TOS") in 2× 128 KB ROMs
* '''Custom ICs:''' Shifter (C025914), GLUE (C025915), MMU (C025912 or C100109), DMA (C025913)
* '''BLiTTER:''' Not standard; some C070789 boards have an unpopulated footprint for the optional BLiTTER chip

=== Major ICs ===

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{| class="wikitable"
! Function !! Part Number !! Notes
|-
| CPU || MC68000P8 / MC68000FN8 || 8 MHz, DIP-64 or PLCC-68
|-
| Video Shifter || C025914-38A || Pixel serialiser; some later boards use GST Shifter
|-
| GLUE || C025915-38A || Bus timing, video timing; some boards use combined GLUE
|-
| MMU || C025912-38 / C100109 || DRAM controller
|-
| DMA Controller || C025913-38 || ACSI/floppy DMA
|-
| FDC || WD1772-02-02 || Floppy disk controller
|-
| MFP || MC68901 || Timers, interrupts, UART
|-
| ACIA (×2) || MC6850 || Keyboard/IKBD (7812.5 baud) and MIDI (31.25 kbaud)
|-
| Sound/PIO || YM2149F || 3-voice PSG + parallel I/O
|-
| RS-232 drivers || MC1488 / MC1489 || Serial port level conversion
|-
| RF Modulator || Internal shielded module || PAL or NTSC RF carrier output
|}

== Connectors ==

Rear panel:

* '''Power:''' IEC C14 mains inlet (internal SMPS)
* '''Floppy (external):''' 14-pin DIN
* '''ACSI (Hard Disk):''' DB-19 female
* '''Serial (Modem):''' DB-25 male, RS-232C
* '''Parallel (Printer):''' DB-25 female
* '''Video/Monitor:''' 13-pin DIN (analog RGB, mono, sync, audio)
* '''RF Output:''' Phono (RCA) or coaxial connector for television

Left side:

* '''MIDI In:''' 5-pin DIN
* '''MIDI Out:''' 5-pin DIN
* '''Cartridge:''' 40-pin edge connector
* '''Reset button'''

Under keyboard:

* '''Port 0:''' DE-9 male (mouse/joystick)
* '''Port 1:''' DE-9 male (joystick)

== Display ==

* '''Low resolution:''' 320×200, 16 colours from 512-colour palette, ~50/60 Hz
* '''Medium resolution:''' 640×200, 4 colours, ~50/60 Hz
* '''High resolution (mono):''' 640×400, monochrome, ~71.2 Hz (SM124/SM125 only — not via RF)

The RF modulator provides colour modes via television. The monochrome mode requires a dedicated SM124/SM125 monitor.

== Sound ==

* '''PSG:''' Yamaha YM2149F — 3 square-wave channels + noise, 5-bit envelope generator
* '''MIDI:''' Built-in MIDI In/Out at 31.25 kbaud
* '''Audio:''' Mono line-level on monitor DIN connector; also mixed into RF output

== Internal Floppy Drive ==

* '''Type:''' 3.5-inch DS/DD (double-sided, double-density)
* '''Capacity:''' 720 KB formatted (80 tracks × 2 sides × 9 sectors × 512 bytes)
* '''Controller:''' WD1772 at 8 MHz, 250 kbit/s data rate
* '''Common models:''' Epson SMD-340/360, Citizen OSDA, Alps DFxx

== Internal Power Supply ==

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{| class="wikitable"
! Rail !! Voltage !! Typical Current !! Purpose
|-
| +5V || 5.0V ±5% || ~3.0A || Logic, RAM, all ICs
|-
| +12V || 12.0V ±10% || ~0.5A || Floppy drive motor, RS-232
|-
| −12V || −12.0V ±10% || ~0.05A || RS-232 negative rail
|}

'''WARNING:''' The internal PSU contains mains-voltage components. Capacitors may retain dangerous charge even after the machine is unplugged. Always disconnect from mains and wait at least 5 minutes before opening the case.

== Motherboard ==

The 1040STFM uses the '''C070789-001''' motherboard, shared with the [[Atari 520STFM]]. The only difference is that the 1040STFM has all RAM positions populated for 1 MB, whereas the 520STFM typically has half populated for 512 KB.

Later production runs may use revised board numbers (e.g., C103175 Rev. D) with minor component changes, but the basic design and layout remain the same.

== BLiTTER Upgrade ==

Some C070789 boards include an unpopulated PLCC-68 footprint for the Atari BLiTTER chip (C101675). When installed, the BLiTTER accelerates block transfer operations used by GEM and some applications. Requirements:

* Atari C101675 BLiTTER IC (PLCC-68)
* TOS 1.02 or later
* Soldering skills (socket or direct soldering to the pads)

== Comparison with Related Models ==

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{| class="wikitable"
! Feature !! [[Atari 520STFM|520STFM]] !! [[Atari 1040STF|1040STF]] !! '''1040STFM''' !! [[Atari 1040STE|1040STE]]
|-
| RAM || 512 KB || 1 MB || '''1 MB''' || 1 MB
|-
| Internal Floppy || Yes || Yes || '''Yes''' || Yes
|-
| RF Modulator || Yes || No || '''Yes''' || Yes
|-
| Internal PSU || Yes || Yes || '''Yes''' || Yes
|-
| BLiTTER || Optional || Optional || '''Optional''' || Standard
|-
| DMA Audio || No || No || '''No''' || Yes (stereo)
|-
| Hardware Scrolling || No || No || '''No''' || Yes
|-
| Colour Palette || 512 || 512 || '''512''' || 4096
|-
| TOS Version || 1.02/1.04 || 1.00–1.04 || '''1.02/1.04''' || 1.06/2.06
|}

== Known Issues ==

* '''PSU capacitor failure:''' The most common failure — aged electrolytics in the SMPS cause instability, failure to start, or random crashes. Preventive recapping is strongly recommended.
* '''Floppy drive failure:''' Internal drives wear over time; heads may need cleaning, and belts or the entire mechanism may need replacement.
* '''Keyboard membrane:''' Degrades over time, causing sticky or unresponsive keys.
* '''RF modulator degradation:''' Produces increasingly poor TV picture quality over time. Can be bypassed for composite output or replaced entirely.
* '''DRAM failure:''' Ageing RAM chips can cause garbled display, crashes, or boot failure.

== Service and Repair ==

* [[Atari ST General Maintenance]]
* [[Atari ST Troubleshooting Guide]]
* [[Atari ST Capacitor Replacement Guide]]

== Software Compatibility ==

With 1 MB RAM, the 1040STFM ran virtually all ST software:

* '''Music:''' Steinberg Pro-24/Cubase, C-Lab Creator/Notator, Dr. T's KCS
* '''DTP:''' Calamus, PageStream, Publishing Partner
* '''Productivity:''' 1st Word Plus, WordPerfect
* '''Programming:''' GFA BASIC, Lattice C, Pure C, Devpac
* '''Games:''' Dungeon Master, Carrier Command, Populous, Captive, Stunt Car Racer

== See Also ==

* [[Atari 520STFM]] — 512 KB version (same motherboard)
* [[Atari 1040STF]] — 1 MB without RF modulator
* [[Atari 1040ST]] — General 1040ST article
* [[Atari 1040STE]] — Enhanced successor
* [[Atari Mega ST]] — Desktop/tower ST variant

== References ==
<references/>

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[[Category:Atari Systems]]