Editing IBM PS/2 Model 80

{{Infobox computer
| name          = IBM Personal System/2 Model 80
| logo          = [[File:IBM PS2 Model 80 386 badge.svg|150px]]
| image         = [[File:IBM PS2 Model 80 system.jpg|150px]]
| caption       = IBM PS/2 Model 80 (8580) floor-standing tower
| developer     = IBM Entry Systems Division, Boca Raton
| manufacturer  = IBM
| type          = Floor-standing tower personal computer / server
| release date  = April 2, 1987
| discontinued  = c. 1993
| cpu           = Intel 80386DX @ 16 MHz (8580-041 / 071); 20 MHz (8580-111 / 311); 25 MHz (8580-A21 / A31). Optional Intel 80387DX coprocessor in adjacent planar socket
| memory        = 1–4 MB stock (submodel-dependent); 4 × 72-pin proprietary PS/2 SIMM sockets on planar; 16 MB max on planar; further expansion via MCA Memory Adapter cards
| storage       = 1.44 MB 3.5" diskette + ESDI hard drive: 44 MB (8580-041); 70 MB (8580-071); 115 MB (8580-111 / A21); 314 MB (8580-311 / A31) via IBM ESDI Fixed Disk Adapter/A
| display       = Integrated VGA on planar (256 KB VRAM, 15-pin DSUB); supports IBM 8503 / 8512 / 8513 / 8514 displays
| sound         = PC speaker
| dimensions    = 597 H × 166 W × 482 D mm
| weight        = ~21.3 kg (heavier with 314 MB drive)
| os            = IBM PC DOS 3.30 / 4.00 / 5.00; IBM OS/2 1.x / 2.x / Warp 3; IBM AIX PS/2; Novell NetWare 2.x / 3.x; Windows 3.0 / 3.1
| predecessor   = [[IBM PS/2 Model 60]] (286-class tower sibling)
| successor     = IBM PS/2 Model 90 XP 486 / Model 95 XP 486
| model         = 8580
}}

The '''IBM PS/2 Model 80''' (IBM machine type '''8580''') was IBM's flagship Intel 80386DX-based '''floor-standing tower''' in the IBM Personal System/2 family, introduced in April 1987 with the rest of the PS/2 line. It paired a full 32-bit Micro Channel Architecture implementation with a tower chassis built for expansion, eight MCA slots, large ESDI drives and a 225 W PSU. The Model 80 is the tower counterpart to the [[IBM PS/2 Model 70]] desktop and was IBM's primary platform for OS/2, AIX PS/2 and Novell NetWare deployments through the late 1980s and into the early 1990s.

The Model 80 chassis is the same tower used by the [[IBM PS/2 Model 60]]; the Model 80 differs from the Model 60 in the planar (32-bit MCA, 80386DX, on-planar VGA, larger ESDI drives). Restoration considerations between Model 60 and Model 80 differ mainly in the planar — the Model 80 planar is afflicted by the same '''surface-mount aluminium electrolyte leakage''' that defines the [[IBM PS/2 Model 70]] failure mode.

== Submodels ==

{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:70%; text-align:center;"
|+'''Model 80 submodels'''
! Submodel !! CPU !! Speed !! HDD !! Notes
|-
| 8580-041 || 80386DX || 16 MHz || 44 MB ESDI || Early submodel, April 1987 launch
|-
| 8580-071 || 80386DX || 16 MHz || 70 MB ESDI || 16 MHz with larger ESDI
|-
| 8580-111 || 80386DX || 20 MHz || 115 MB ESDI || 20 MHz, 115 MB ESDI (Type 1 planar)
|-
| 8580-311 || 80386DX || 20 MHz || 314 MB ESDI || 20 MHz, 314 MB ESDI (server config)
|-
| 8580-A21 || 80386DX || 25 MHz || 115 MB ESDI || 25 MHz top-end (Type 2 planar)
|-
| 8580-A31 || 80386DX || 25 MHz || 314 MB ESDI || 25 MHz, 314 MB ESDI (server config)
|}

The planar revisions split into '''Type 1''' (16 / 20 MHz, original 1987 design) and '''Type 2''' (25 MHz, later design). Type 2 planars have a different memory subsystem and require Type 2-specific Reference Diskettes and SIMMs.

== Chassis and Layout ==

The Model 80 chassis is the floor-standing tower introduced with the Model 60:

* '''Height × width × depth''': approx 591 × 165 × 480 mm.
* '''Weight''' (configured): approx 21.3 kg.
* '''Two side panels''' on the tower; the larger side panel (left, when looking at the front) gives access to the MCA riser and planar.
* '''Eight MCA slots''' on a vertical riser: '''1 × 8-bit + 7 × 32-bit'''.
* '''Four drive bays''' stacked vertically in the front of the tower:
*: '''Top bay''': 5.25" full-height (tape backup or second 5.25" device).
*: '''Bay 2''': 3.5" half-height (1.44 MB floppy).
*: '''Bay 3''': 3.5" half-height (ESDI hard drive).
*: '''Bay 4''': 3.5" half-height (spare or second hard drive on server configs).
* '''PSU''': 225 W at the top of the chassis (above the drive cage). Same PSU rating as the 8560-071.
* '''Planar''' mounts on the floor of the chassis.

== Planar ==

The Model 80 planar carries:

* '''CPU''': 80386DX, PGA-132, socketed. 16, 20 or 25 MHz depending on submodel.
* '''Optional 80387DX coprocessor''' in a socket adjacent to the 80386DX.
* '''Memory''': 4 × 72-pin SIMM sockets accepting 1, 2 or 4 MB modules. Maximum 16 MB (4 × 4 MB) on planar. Up to 64 MB system memory with MCA Memory Adapter cards. PS/2 72-pin SIMMs are '''proprietary''' to IBM PS/2.
* '''RTC''': Dallas DS1287 / DS12887 (24-pin DIP marked "DALLAS") with integrated lithium cell.
* '''Onboard VGA''': IBM VGA implementation with 256 KB of dedicated VRAM. Same VGA implementation as the Model 70.
* '''MCA bus controller''': 32-bit MCA implementation providing one 8-bit and seven 32-bit slots.
* '''Floppy controller''' integrated on the planar.
* '''Surface-mount aluminium electrolytic capacitors''' for IC bypassing throughout the planar — the same SMD electrolytics that leak on the Model 70.

== SMD Electrolyte Leakage ==

The Model 80 planar (along with the Model 70 planar) is the source of the famous '''PS/2 plague'''. Surface-mount aluminium electrolytic capacitors — 10 µF / 16 V and 47 µF / 16 V — leak after 30+ years and produce progressive corrosion of the planar's traces and IC pins.

Symptoms:

* Brown / green residue near a SMD cap base.
* Crusty deposits on nearby PCB traces.
* Intermittent POST faults; system passes POST cold but fails when warm.
* Random reboots.
* Specific functional area (onboard VGA, RTC, serial, ESDI controller) becomes intermittent.
* Eventually, planar dies completely.

The Model 80 planar typically carries '''40–50 SMD electrolytics''' (more than the Model 70 because of the additional MCA slot count and server-class memory subsystem). Full recap is a substantial undertaking — see [[IBM PS/2 Model 80 Capacitor Replacement Guide]].

== Display ==

Like the Model 70, the Model 80 has '''VGA on the planar'''. The VGA chip and 256 KB of dedicated VRAM are on the planar; no display adapter card is required.

For higher resolution, the IBM 8514/A MCA display adapter card provides 1024 × 768 with a matching IBM 8514 16" display.

== Drive Architecture ==

The Model 80 uses the PS/2 single-cable drive interface for the floppy drive and the IBM ESDI Fixed Disk Adapter/A for the hard drive. The 8580 server configurations (-311, -A31) accept '''two''' ESDI drives — primary in Bay 3, secondary in Bay 4.

ESDI drives in the 8580:

* '''44 MB''' — 8580-041, 16 MHz submodel.
* '''70 MB''' — 8580-071, 16 MHz submodel.
* '''115 MB''' — 8580-111, 8580-A21.
* '''314 MB''' — 8580-311, 8580-A31 (server configurations).

The 314 MB ESDI drive is a full-height 5.25" form factor and requires the top drive bay; on the 8580-311 / A31 the top drive bay is occupied by the 314 MB drive and is not available for a 5.25" tape backup unit.

== Reference Diskette ==

The Model 80 requires a Model 80-specific Reference Diskette. The Type 1 planar (8580-041 / 071 / 111 / 311) uses one Reference Diskette image; the Type 2 planar (8580-A21 / A31) uses a different Reference Diskette image with extensions for the 25 MHz memory subsystem. Reference Diskettes are not cross-compatible between Type 1 and Type 2 planars.

Used for:

* SETUP (drive types, date, time, memory size).
* MCA Auto Configuration.
* Advanced Diagnostics (Ctrl-A from Reference Diskette menu).
* Reading and writing CMOS configuration.

== Software ==

* '''PC DOS 3.30 / 4.00 / 5.00''' — the contemporary DOS releases.
* '''OS/2 1.x''' (and IBM's later OS/2 2.0 / 2.1 / Warp 3) — the Model 80 was IBM's premier OS/2 platform for several years.
* '''AIX PS/2''' — IBM's Unix for PS/2.
* '''Novell NetWare 2.x / 3.x''' — the Model 80 tower with ESDI drives was a common NetWare server platform.
* '''Windows 3.0 / 3.1''' run on DOS on the Model 80.

== Common Faults ==

* '''SMD electrolytic leakage''' on the planar. Most common Model 80 failure. See [[IBM PS/2 Model 80 Capacitor Replacement Guide]].
* '''Dead DS1287 / DS12887 RTC battery''' producing the 161 / 162 / 163 POST cluster. See [[IBM PS/2 Model 80 Maintenance Guide]].
* '''ESDI controller cap failure''' producing 10455 / 10463 errors. See [[IBM PS/2 Model 80 Capacitor Replacement Guide]].
* '''Drive stiction''' on long-stored ESDI drives, especially the 314 MB drives.
* '''165 card-ID-mismatch''' after MCA card change without Auto Configuration. The Model 80's 7 × 32-bit MCA slots mean more cards in the system and a higher 165 rate than the Model 70.
* '''Failed PSU electrolytics''' (225 W PSU). See [[IBM PS/2 Model 80 Capacitor Replacement Guide]].

== Specifications Summary ==

{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+'''Model 80 stock specifications'''
! Spec !! 041 !! 071 !! 111 !! 311 !! A21 !! A31
|-
| CPU || 80386DX-16 || 80386DX-16 || 80386DX-20 || 80386DX-20 || 80386DX-25 || 80386DX-25
|-
| RAM stock || 1 MB || 2 MB || 2 MB || 4 MB || 4 MB || 4 MB
|-
| RAM max on planar || 16 MB || 16 MB || 16 MB || 16 MB || 16 MB || 16 MB
|-
| FDD || 1.44 MB 3.5" || 1.44 MB 3.5" || 1.44 MB 3.5" || 1.44 MB 3.5" || 1.44 MB 3.5" || 1.44 MB 3.5"
|-
| HDD || 44 MB ESDI || 70 MB ESDI || 115 MB ESDI || 314 MB ESDI || 115 MB ESDI || 314 MB ESDI
|-
| Coprocessor || 80387DX (opt.) || 80387DX (opt.) || 80387DX (opt.) || 80387DX (opt.) || 80387DX (opt.) || 80387DX (opt.)
|-
| Video || Onboard VGA || Onboard VGA || Onboard VGA || Onboard VGA || Onboard VGA || Onboard VGA
|-
| PSU || 225 W || 225 W || 225 W || 225 W || 225 W || 225 W
|-
| MCA slots || 8 (1 × 8-bit, 7 × 32-bit) || 8 || 8 || 8 || 8 || 8
|-
| Bays || 4 || 4 || 4 || 4 (top occupied by 314 MB drive) || 4 || 4 (top occupied by 314 MB drive)
|-
| Planar type || Type 1 || Type 1 || Type 1 || Type 1 || Type 2 || Type 2
|}

== Pricing ==

Launch pricing (April 1987):

* 8580-041: $6,995 USD.
* 8580-071: $8,495 USD.
* 8580-111: $10,995 USD.

These were 1987 prices for high-end IBM business towers. The Model 80 was IBM's flagship PS/2 system and was priced accordingly. Server configurations (-311, -A31) commanded substantial premiums above these base prices.

== Gallery ==

<gallery widths="220" heights="160" mode="packed">
File:IBM PS2 Model 80 system.jpg|IBM PS/2 Model 80 (8580) floor-standing tower
File:IBM PS2 Model 80 386 badge.svg|Front-bezel "Model 80 386" badge
</gallery>

== Related Pages ==

* [[IBM PS/2 Model 80 Maintenance Guide]]
* [[IBM PS/2 Model 80 Troubleshooting Guide]]
* [[IBM PS/2 Model 80 Capacitor Replacement Guide]]
* [[IBM PS/2 Model 60]] — tower sibling (286-class)
* [[IBM PS/2 Model 70]] — desktop sibling (386-class)

== References ==

* [https://www.ardent-tool.com/qtechinfo/GJAN-43VS3S.html IBM PS/2 Model 80 — Ardent Tool Quick Reference]. FRU breakdown, submodel matrix, planar Type 1 vs Type 2 distinction.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PS/2_Model_80 IBM PS/2 Model 80 — Wikipedia]. Source for release date (April 1987), tower chassis details, OS/2 / NetWare deployment history.
* [https://www.dosdays.co.uk/computers/IBM%20PS2%20Model%2080/ibm_ps2_model_80.php IBM PS/2 Model 80 — DOS Days]. Source for the 225 W PSU rating, ESDI controller, on-planar VGA, RAM SIMM topology, planar Type 1 vs Type 2.
* [https://www.minuszerodegrees.net/failure/failure.htm Commonly Failing Electronic Components], minuszerodegrees.net.
* IBM, ''IBM Personal System/2 Hardware Maintenance Manual'' (S52G-9971-02, October 1994).

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[[Category:IBM]]
[[Category:IBM PS/2 systems]]