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IBM 5153: Difference between revisions

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Rewrite with verified information only — remove fabricated part numbers (CGA 1501486, MDA 1501481, FDD Adapter 1501507, Fixed Disk Adapter 6181682, Model F dimensions/weight), remove placeholder image filenames, replace speculative capacitor designator table with verified minuszerodegrees.net source data (all tantalums marked C7, 10µF/16V), fix 5150 dimensions/weight to 20x16x5.5 inches / 21-28 lbs, fix Model F dimensions/weight to 19x9x1.5in / 7lb4oz / 3.3kg. Per Joshua's feedback: never pub...
P4 verification: link the IBM manuals hosted on this wiki that document this machine (they were unlinked from every article)
 
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{{Infobox computer peripheral
{{Infobox computer peripheral
| name          = IBM 5153 Personal Computer Color Display
| name          = IBM Color Display
| image        = [[File:IBM 5151 5153 5154 monitors.jpg|260px]]
| image        = [[File:IBM 5151 5153 5154 monitors.jpg|260px]]
| caption      = IBM monitors from left to right: 5151 monochrome, 5153 colour CGA, 5154 EGA
| caption      = IBM monitors, left to right: 5151 monochrome, 5153 colour, 5154 Enhanced Color Display
| manufacturer  = IBM
| manufacturer  = IBM
| type          = TTL RGBI colour CRT monitor
| type          = TTL RGBI colour CRT monitor
| release_date  = March 1983
| release_date  = March 1983
| interface    = TTL RGBI, 9-pin D-shell (paired with the [[IBM Color Graphics Adapter]])
| interface    = TTL RGBI, 9-pin D-shell (driven by the [[IBM Color Graphics Adapter]])
| compatible    = [[IBM PC (5150)]], [[IBM PC XT (5160)]], any CGA-compatible system
| compatible    = [[IBM PC (5150)]], [[IBM PC XT (5160)]], [[IBM PC AT (5170)]], CGA-compatible systems
| dimensions    = 13" CRT
| dimensions    = 297 mm H × 392 mm L × 407 mm D
| weight        = 11.8 kg (26 lb)
| model        = 5153
| model        = 5153
}}
}}


The '''IBM 5153''' (the '''IBM Personal Computer Color Display''') is the 13-inch RGBI colour monitor IBM introduced in March 1983 to pair with the [[IBM Color Graphics Adapter|Color Graphics Adapter (CGA)]] in the [[IBM PC (5150)]] and [[IBM PC XT (5160)]]. It can render all 16 CGA colours, including the famous '''brown''' that lower-quality third-party CGA monitors typically reproduced as dark yellow.
The '''IBM 5153''', which IBM called simply the '''IBM Color Display''', is the RGBI colour monitor IBM introduced in March 1983 to pair with the [[IBM Color Graphics Adapter|Color/Graphics Monitor Adapter]] (CGA). It is the reference monitor for CGA: the colours that CGA software was written against are the colours a 5153 produces.


== Display Characteristics ==
== Display Characteristics ==


* '''CRT:''' 13" shadow-mask colour tube.
IBM's own figures:<ref name="oa5153">IBM, ''IBM Color Display'', part 6361470, ''Options and Adapters'' section, Personal Computer Hardware Reference Library &mdash; hosted on this wiki as [[:File:IBM Options and Adapters - IBM Color Display (5153).pdf]]. "Description" and "Specifications": the 340 mm (13-inch) CRT, the display's own auto-switching 120 V 60 Hz / 220 V 50 Hz supply, the 1.5 m direct-drive signal cable, 80 characters by 25 rows with characters defined in an 8 PEL high by 8 PEL wide matrix, independent red, green, blue and intensity video signals, positive synchronous TTL vertical drive at 50/60 Hz non-interlaced, positive-level TTL horizontal drive at 15.75 kHz, the front and rear panel controls, and the physical specifications quoted here. The logic diagram carries IBM's warning that voltages up to 450 V exist on the printed circuit boards. Also documented here as [[IBM Options and Adapters - IBM Color Display]].</ref>
* '''Resolution:''' 640 × 200 (CGA mode 6, monochrome graphics) or 320 × 200 (CGA mode 4/5, four colours); 80 × 25 or 40 × 25 text.
* '''Vertical scan:''' 60 Hz.
* '''Colour interface:''' TTL RGBI — four digital lines (Red, Green, Blue, Intensity).


The 5153 reduces the green signal amplitude internally; this is the trick that produces "brown" from the (R + G) bit combination at low intensity. Third-party clones that drove R, G and B with equal gains showed dark yellow in that combination instead.
* '''CRT:''' 340 mm (13-inch), high-contrast (black) screen.
* '''Presentation:''' 80 characters wide by 25 rows deep, characters defined in an 8 PEL high by 8 PEL wide matrix.
* '''Colour:''' up to 16 colours when driven by the Color/Graphics Monitor Adapter. Red, green and blue signals and intensity are independent digital lines.
* '''Vertical drive:''' positive synchronous, TTL-compatible, '''50/60 Hz''', non-interlaced.
* '''Horizontal drive:''' positive-level, TTL-compatible, at '''15.75 kHz'''.
* '''Heat output:''' 240 BTU/hr. Power cable 1.83 m, signal cable 1.5 m.
* '''Controls:''' power switch, power indicator, brightness and contrast on the front panel; vertical hold and vertical size on the rear panel.
 
Measured at the adapter, CGA horizontal sync is a 4&nbsp;&micro;s positive-going pulse every 63.7&nbsp;&micro;s and vertical sync is a 190&nbsp;&micro;s positive-going pulse every 16.7&nbsp;ms.<ref name="mzpins">[https://www.minuszerodegrees.net/mda_cga_ega/mda_cga_ega.htm IBM: MDA / CGA / EGA], minuszerodegrees.net. Source for the side-by-side 9-pin assignments and for the measured sync pulse shapes: MDA, an 8 us positive-going horizontal pulse every 54.3 us and an 850 us '''negative'''-going vertical pulse every 20 ms; CGA, a 4 us positive-going horizontal pulse every 63.7 us and a 190 us positive-going vertical pulse every 16.7 ms.</ref>
 
Unlike the [[IBM 5151]], the 5153 has '''its own mains cable''' and its own power switch. Its internal supply switches automatically between 120 V 60 Hz and 220 V 50 Hz.<ref name="oa5153" />
 
== Colour Behaviour ==
 
CGA's 16-colour set is produced by four digital lines, so in principle colour&nbsp;6 (red + green, low intensity) would be a dark yellow. On an IBM 5153 it appears as '''brown''', because the monitor contains circuitry that attenuates the green drive for that specific combination. IBM's own CGA documentation names the low-intensity graphics palette "green/red/'''brown'''" rather than green/red/yellow, which is the adapter's side of the same convention.<ref name="oacga">IBM, ''IBM Color/Graphics Monitor Adapter'', part 6361509, ''Options and Adapters'' section, Personal Computer Hardware Reference Library &mdash; hosted on this wiki as [[:File:IBM Options and Adapters - IBM Color Graphics Monitor Adapter.pdf]]. Source for the Motorola 6845 CRT controller, the 16 KB display buffer without parity, the three video interfaces and the light pen interface, the 8 wide by 8 high character box and the two jumper-controlled fonts, the alphanumeric and all-points-addressable modes, non-interlaced operation at 7 or 14 MHz, and the mode-control, colour-select and status register definitions &mdash; including colour-select bit 5, which selects green/red/brown when 0 and cyan/magenta/white when 1, and bit 4, which selects the intensified alternate set. Also documented here as [[IBM Options and Adapters - IBM Color Graphics Monitor Adapter]].</ref> minuszerodegrees.net publishes the relevant portion of the 5153's schematic as its "dark yellow to brown" circuitry.<ref name="mzbrown">[https://www.minuszerodegrees.net/5153/misc/IBM%205153%20-%20Dark%20yellow%20to%20brown%20circuitry.png IBM 5153 &mdash; Dark yellow to brown circuitry], minuszerodegrees.net. Extract from the 5153 schematic showing the circuitry inside the monitor that turns the red-plus-green, low-intensity combination into brown rather than dark yellow.</ref>
 
Third-party RGBI monitors that drive all three guns with equal gain show a dark yellow in that position instead. That difference is the single most visible reason a CGA machine can look wrong on a non-IBM monitor.


== Input Connector ==
== Input Connector ==


DB-9 female TTL RGBI:
A 9-pin D-shell carrying TTL RGBI.<ref name="oacga" />


* '''Pins 1, 2:''' Ground
<templatestyles src="Template:StyledTable/styles.css" />
* '''Pin 3:''' Red
{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:60%; text-align:center;"
* '''Pin 4:''' Green
|+'''CGA / 5153 9-pin connector'''
* '''Pin 5:''' Blue
! Pin !! Signal
* '''Pin 6:''' Intensity
|-
* '''Pin 8:''' Horizontal sync
| 1 || Ground
* '''Pin 9:''' Vertical sync
|-
| 2 || Ground
|-
| 3 || + Red
|-
| 4 || + Green
|-
| 5 || + Blue
|-
| 6 || + Intensity
|-
| 7 || Not used
|-
| 8 || + Horizontal sync
|-
| 9 || + Vertical sync
|}
 
'''Pin 7 being physically absent from the plug is normal''' &mdash; it is unused in the CGA standard.<ref name="mz5153">[https://www.minuszerodegrees.net/5153/problems/5153_known_problems_issues.htm IBM 5153 &mdash; Known Problems/Issues], minuszerodegrees.net. Source for the stiff brightness and contrast controls being normal, the white horizontal line below the top of the raster being a correctable known defect, and the statement that pin 7 is absent from the connector because it is unused in the CGA standard.</ref>


== Common Faults ==
== Common Faults ==


* '''Convergence drift''' — colour fringing at the edges. Adjustable via the convergence trimmers behind the rear bezel.
* '''Stiff brightness and contrast knobs.''' Known behaviour, probably deliberate. Not a fault.<ref name="mz5153" />
* '''Loss of one colour channel''' — dry joint at the DB-9 input, or a failed video amplifier transistor on the corresponding RGB output.
* '''A white horizontal line just below the top of the raster.''' A known defect of the design rather than a component failure, and correctable; the vertical-scan fix is documented in the Sams service data.<ref name="mz5153" />
* '''Geometry distortion''' — failed deflection-circuit electrolytics on the chassis board.
* '''No picture and no raster.''' Check the ac supply and the supplies derived from the horizontal output transformer '''T401''' before anything else.<ref name="sams5153">Howard W. Sams & Co., ''IBM 5153 Color Display'' Computerfacts service data &mdash; hosted on this wiki as [[IBM 5153 Color Display Service Manual (Sams)]]. Source for the designator-level symptom-to-circuit table quoted here (T401 horizontal output transformer and its derived supplies, Q301 vertical driver, Q302/Q303 vertical output, C315, and the chroma and colour output stages), the control placement chart and the full parts list.</ref>
* '''Raster present, no picture.''' Check the source voltages generated from T401.<ref name="sams5153" />
* '''No raster at all but the set is alive.''' Check the EHT rectifier, which is part of T401.<ref name="sams5153" />
* '''No vertical deflection, or poor vertical linearity and foldover.''' Inject a vertical signal and work through the vertical driver '''Q301''', the vertical output transistors '''Q302''' and '''Q303''', the electrolytic '''C315''' and the vertical winding; linearity and foldover faults usually sit in the vertical feedback and bias network.<ref name="sams5153" />
* '''One colour missing.''' Work the chroma stage and that colour's output stage; a dry joint at the 9-pin connector produces the same symptom and is much more common.<ref name="sams5153" />
* '''Geometry that drifts as the set warms up.''' Ageing electrolytics on the chassis board. See [[Capacitor Failure Symptoms]].


== CRT Safety ==
== CRT Safety ==


The 5153's CRT retains a lethal anode charge. Discharge before opening — see [[CRT Discharge Procedure]].
The 5153 is mains-powered and its CRT retains a lethal anode charge after the set is unplugged. IBM's own schematic sheet carries the warning that '''hazardous voltages of up to 450 V exist on the printed circuit boards'''.<ref name="oa5153" /> Discharge the tube before working inside &mdash; see [[CRT Discharge Procedure]].


== References ==
== References ==


* [https://crtdatabase.com/crts/ibm/ibm-5153 IBM 5153 entry on CRT Database].
<references />
* [https://int10h.org/blog/2022/06/ibm-5153-color-true-cga-palette/ "The IBM 5153's True CGA Palette and Color Output"], int10h.org.


== Related Pages ==
== Related Pages ==


* [[IBM PC (5150)]]
* [[IBM Color Graphics Adapter]] &mdash; the adapter that drives the 5153
* [[IBM Color Graphics Adapter]]
* [[IBM 5151]] &mdash; the monochrome equivalent
* [[IBM 5151]]
* [[IBM PC (5150)]] &middot; [[IBM PC XT (5160)]] &middot; [[IBM PC AT (5170)]]
* [[CRT Discharge Procedure]]
* [[IBM Options and Adapters - IBM Color Display]] &middot; [[IBM 5153 Color Display Service Manual (Sams)]]
* [[CRT Discharge Procedure]] &middot; [[Capacitor Failure Symptoms]]
* '''IBM documentation hosted here:''' [[IBM 5153 Color Display Service Manual (Sams)]] &middot; [[IBM Personal Systems Reference - Monitors]]
 
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[[Category:IBM]]
[[Category:IBM]]
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