IBM IntelliStation: Difference between revisions
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! MT !! CPU !! Years !! Memory / Chipset / Notes | ! MT !! CPU !! Years !! Memory / Chipset / Notes | ||
Revision as of 15:21, 23 May 2026
The IBM IntelliStation is IBM's professional workstation brand, first released in March 1997 as the successor to the IBM PC Series 360 / 365.[1] The brand spans two parallel product families: the x86 IntelliStation line (Intel and AMD CPUs, single- and dual-socket workstations) and the POWER IntelliStation line (PowerPC 970 and IBM POWER workstations, branded under the IntelliStation umbrella from February 2002 onward, having previously been sold as eServer pSeries).[2]
The x86 IntelliStation line was discontinued in March 2008. The POWER IntelliStation line (POWER 185 and POWER 285) was discontinued in January 2009.[3] The x86 line passed to Lenovo with the rest of the IBM PC business and was renamed Lenovo ThinkStation; the POWER line had no Lenovo successor.
Branding
The IntelliStation line is split into four x86 tiers, plus a rack-mount tier, plus the POWER family:
- E Pro — Entry / single-CPU workstation.
- M Pro — Midrange / single-CPU (some early submodels are also dual-CPU; e.g. 6889 / 6898).
- Z Pro — High-end dual-CPU Xeon workstation; one Itanium submodel (Type 6894).
- A Pro — AMD Opteron workstation (2004 onward).
- R Pro — Rackmount 1U workstation (rebadged xSeries 330).
- POWER — PowerPC 970MP and IBM POWER4+ / POWER5+ workstations (Models 185, 265, 275, 285).
Certain M Pro models are near-identical hardware to entry-tier Netfinity servers (Netfinity 1000-class), differing mainly in video, SCSI options and software bundle.[4]

x86 Machine Type Table
The IBM machine type (MT) is the authoritative key to every IntelliStation. The MT is printed on the rear-panel label (e.g. "Type 6219-23U").
E Pro (entry, single-CPU)
| MT | CPU | Years | Memory / Bus / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6893 | Pentium II 350/400/450 then Pentium III 450–600 | Jun 1998 – Jun 2000 | PC100 SDRAM, Ultra Wide SCSI / ATA, Matrox Millennium II / G200, 3DLabs Permedia 2A |
| 6867 | Pentium III 600–933 MHz, 133 FSB | Nov 1999 – Nov 2000 | Up to 512 MB RDRAM, Ultra-2 SCSI / ATA66 |
| 6836 / 6846 | Pentium III 800 MHz – 1 GHz | Oct 2000 – Jan 2002 | Up to 1.5 GB PC133, Ultra160 SCSI / ATA66, Matrox G450, GeForce 2 MX |
| 6204 / 6214 | Pentium 4 1.6–2.2 GHz | Sep 2001 – Sep 2002 | Up to 1.5 GB PC133, Ultra160 / ATA100[5] |
| 6216 / 6226 | Pentium 4 2.0–2.8 GHz | Jul 2002 – Oct 2003 | Up to 2 GB PC2100, GbE, Matrox G450 / Quadro 4 / FireGL 8800[6] |
| 9217 | Pentium 4 / Pentium D / Core 2 Duo era E Pro | 2006+ | PCI Express, DDR2 SDRAM |
M Pro (midrange)
| MT | CPU | Years | Memory / Chipset / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6888 | Pentium II 266 / 300 | May 1997 – Jul 1998 | EDO, Ultra Wide SCSI, Intergraph Intense3D Pro1000/T |
| 6898 | Dual Pentium II 233–333 | Oct 1997 – Oct 1998 | Early dual-socket M Pro |
| 6889 | Dual Pentium II 350–450; dual Pentium III 450–600; dual Pentium III 600 MHz – 1 GHz | Jul 1998 – Jun 2000 | Intel 440BX at 100 MHz FSB on SDRAM submodels, Intel 840 on RDRAM submodels[7] |
| 6868 / 6878 | Single Pentium III (note: not Pentium 4) | 2000–2001 | Intel 840 chipset, PC600/800 RDRAM (max 2 GB across 4 RIMM sockets, two channels of two), Ultra160 SCSI, 330 W PSU[8][9] |
| 6849 | Pentium 4 1.4–2.2 GHz | Nov 2000 – Jun 2002 | RDRAM, FireGL 2/4, Quadro 2 MXR / Pro, Wildcat III 6110 |
| 6231 | Pentium 4 1.8 GHz | Nov 2001 – Jul 2002 | RDRAM, ATA100 only |
| 6233 | Single Xeon 1.7 GHz | Nov 2001 – Jul 2002 | RDRAM, Ultra160 / ATA100 |
| 6850 | Dual Xeon 1.5 / 1.7 / 2.0 / 2.8 GHz | Jul 2001 – Jan 2003 | Up to 4 GB RDRAM, Ultra160 / ATA100[10] |
| 6229 | Pentium 4 2.4–2.8 GHz | May 2002 – Feb 2003 | RDRAM, Quadro 4 200NVS / 900XGL, FireGL 8800, Wildcat III 6110 |
| 6219 | Pentium 4 2.4–3.06 GHz | Nov 2002 – Oct 2003 | Up to 4 GB PC2100, Ultra320 / ATA100, GbE, Intel 845E chipset[11] |
| 6220 / 6230 | Pentium 4 2.8–3.4 GHz | Jul 2003 – Mar 2005 | Up to 4 GB PC2700, Ultra320 / SATA-150, Quadro FX 500–3000 |
| 6218 | Pentium 4 EM64T 3.0–3.8 GHz; dual-core 3.2 / 3.4 GHz | Aug 2005 | Up to 8 GB PC2-4200, SATA-300, Quadro FX 1400/4500, Wildcat Realizm 800 |
| 6225 | Pentium 4 EM64T 3.0–3.8 GHz | Oct 2004 – Mar 2006 | Up to 4 GB PC2-3200, Intel 925X Express, 800 MHz FSB |
| 9229 | Core 2 Duo E6300 / E6400 / E6600 / E6700; Core 2 Quad Q6600 | Sep 2006+ | Up to 8 GB PC2-5300, 3 Gbit SAS or SATA-300, LGA 775 |
Z Pro (high-end dual-CPU)
| MT | CPU | Years | Chipset / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6899 | Dual Pentium Pro 200 MHz (256/512 KB L2), 66 MHz FSB | Mar 1997 launch | Intel 440FX + 82371SB, EDO, up to 1 GB, Adaptec AHA-2940 Ultra Wide SCSI, Intel EtherExpress Pro/100, Crystal Semiconductor audio, ISA + PCI riser — the founding Z Pro |
| 6865 | Dual Pentium II Xeon 400–550 MHz | Oct 1998 – Apr 2000 | 100 FSB, 440GX, up to 2 GB SDRAM, Ultra-2 SCSI, Matrox G200/G400, Intergraph Pro3400, FireGL 1, 3DLabs Wildcat 4000 |
| 6866 | Dual Pentium III Xeon 677 MHz – 1 GHz, 133 FSB | Jan 2000 – Mar 2002 | Intel 840, up to 2 GB RDRAM, Ultra160 SCSI |
| 6894 | Dual Itanium 800 MHz | May 2001 – Jun 2002 | Intel 460GX (SGI 750 reference design also used by Dell, Fujitsu, HP), up to 16 GB SDRAM, Ultra160 SCSI |
| 6221 | Dual Xeon Socket 604, 2.4 / 2.67 / 2.8 / 3.2 GHz | Nov 2002 – Feb 2005 | Intel E7505 "Placer", up to 8 GB PC2100 ECC, Ultra320 / ATA100, AGP Pro 8× (G450, Quadro 4 280NVS / 980XGL, FX 1000/1100/3000, Wildcat 4 7110) |
| 6223 | Dual Xeon EM64T 3.0–3.8 GHz | Aug 2004 – Mar 2007 | Intel E7525 "Tumwater", up to 16 GB PC2-3200 ECC, PCIe x16 graphics slot, Ultra320 / ATA100, Quadro NVS280/285, FX 1300/1400/3400/3500/4500, FireGL V7100, Wildcat Realizm 800[12] |
| 9228 | Dual-core Xeon 5130 / 5140 / 5150 / 5160 (5000-series "Woodcrest") | Jun 2006+ | Intel 5000X "Greencreek", up to 32 GB PC2-5300 FB-DIMM ECC, SAS / SATA-300[13][14] |
A Pro (AMD Opteron)
| MT | CPU | Years | Chipset / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6224 | Dual Opteron 244 / 246 / 248 / 250 / 256 (single-core only) | Mar 2004 – Jul 2005 | Socket 940, up to 16 GB PC3200 ECC RDIMM, Ultra320 / SATA-150, AGP — Quadro NVS280 / FX 1100/3000/4000 |
| 6217 | Dual Opteron 250 / 252 / 254 / 256 or dual-core 275 / 280 / 285 | Apr 2005 – Apr 2007 | Socket 940, up to 16 GB PC3200, Ultra320 / SATA-150, PCIe x16, Quadro NVS280/285, FX 1400/1500/3400/3500/4500/4500 X2, Wildcat Realizm 800, 530 W PSU with PFC[15] |
R Pro (rackmount 1U, rebadged xSeries 330)
| MT | CPU | Years | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8654 | Pentium III 1.0 GHz | Mar 2001 – Sep 2001 | 4 GB ECC SDRAM, Matrox G200 MMS quad-head video |
| 6851 | Pentium III 1.13 / 1.26 GHz | Aug 2001 – Jul 2002 | 4 GB ECC SDRAM |
POWER Machine Type Table
The POWER IntelliStation models all use the IBM POWER / PowerPC architecture and run AIX 5L or Linux on POWER. There are four models:
| Model name | Machine type | CPU | Years | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IntelliStation POWER 265 | 9112-265 | Dual POWER3-II 450 MHz | Feb 2002 – Sep 2003 | Up to 8 GB, Ultra160 SCSI, 10/100 Ethernet, GXT135P / 4500P / 6500P[16] |
| IntelliStation POWER 275 | 9114-275 | Single or dual POWER4+ 1.0 or 1.45 GHz, 8 MB L3 per chip | Jun 2003 – Feb 2006 | Up to 16 GB, 4 hot-swap Ultra320 SCSI bays (up to 587 GB), six PCI-X slots, dual Ethernet (10/100 + GbE), GXT135P / 4500P / 6500P[17] |
| IntelliStation POWER 285 | 9111-285 | POWER5+ 1.9 or 2.1 GHz, 36 MB L3 | Oct 2005 – Jan 2009 | Derived from POWER5 520 rackmount server; single SCSI controller, non-redundant Artesyn PSU, four 3.5" disk bays, two slim-line media bays, ~300 W with AIX + 2 disks; IBM GXT6500P graphics[18][19] |
| IntelliStation POWER 185 | 7047-185 | Single or dual PowerPC 970MP at 2.5 GHz | Feb 2006 – Jan 2009 | Min 512 MB / max 8 GB DDR1-333 across four 8-byte paths, three 3.5" DASD bays (max 900 GB internal), two half-high bays for DVD-ROM / DVD-RAM / tape, dual GbE, optional 3.3 V 32-bit / 33 MHz PCI audio (FC 8244)[20][21] |

The POWER 185 and POWER 285 were withdrawn on the same day in January 2009 (IBM hardware withdrawal announcement ENUS908-170), ending the IntelliStation brand entirely.[22]
Architecture Eras
The IntelliStation line spans many quite distinct hardware generations:
- Pentium Pro / 440FX era (1997) — Z Pro 6899 only.
- Pentium II / Pentium III / 440BX/440GX/i840 era (1997–2001) — 6888, 6893, 6889, 6898, 6865, 6866, 6868, 6878, 6867.
- Pentium 4 / Xeon RDRAM era (2000–2003) — 6849, 6231, 6233, 6850, 6229; Z Pro 6866; Itanium Z Pro 6894.
- Pentium 4 / Xeon DDR era (2002–2005) — 6219, 6216, 6226, 6204, 6214, 6836, 6846, 6221.
- EM64T / DDR2 era (2004–2006) — 6225, 6220, 6230, 6218, 6223, A Pro 6224.
- FB-DIMM / Core 2 era (2006–2007) — Z Pro 9228, M Pro 9229, A Pro 6217.
- POWER era (2002–2009) — 9112-265, 9114-275, 9111-285, 7047-185.
Chipsets and Memory by Generation
- 1997 Pentium Pro Z Pro (6899): Intel 440FX + 82371SB, EDO DIMM, 66 MHz FSB.
- 1997–2000 Pentium II/III M/E Pro: Intel 440BX / 440GX, PC100 SDRAM, AGP 2×.
- 1998–2000 Pentium II/III Xeon Z Pro: 440GX (6865 PII Xeon), Intel 840 (6866 PIII Xeon RDRAM), AGP Pro.
- 2000 M Pro 6868 / 6878: Intel 840, PC600/800 RDRAM (max 2 GB on four RIMM sockets).
- 2000–2002 Pentium 4 M Pro: Intel 850, RDRAM, AGP 4×.
- 2001 Itanium Z Pro 6894: Intel 460GX (SGI 750 reference platform).
- 2002–2003 Pentium 4 / Xeon DDR: Intel 845E (E Pro Pentium 4), Intel E7505 "Placer" (Z Pro 6221 dual Xeon, AGP Pro 8×, PC2100 ECC).
- 2003–2005 EM64T: Intel 875P / 925X Express.
- 2004–2007 dual-CPU DDR2 Z Pro 6223: Intel E7525 "Tumwater" (PCIe x16, PC2-3200 DDR2 ECC).
- 2006 Z Pro 9228: Intel 5000X "Greencreek" (FB-DIMM PC2-5300, PCIe x16, dual-core Xeon 5100-series).
- 2006 M Pro 9229: Intel Q965 / 975X-class (LGA 775).
- 2004–2007 A Pro: AMD 8000-series chipset on Socket 940, PCI-X (6224) or PCIe (6217).
ECC support is standard from the dual-CPU Z Pro generation onward; optional on entry / E Pro.
Graphics Support
Graphics cards present in IntelliStation systems span every major workstation GPU vendor of the era:
- Matrox — Millennium II, G200, G400, G450 (entry 2D / 2D + light 3D).
- Intergraph — Intense3D Pro1000/T, Pro2200, Pro3400 (1997–1999 OEM IBM workstation cards).
- IBM Fire GL1 / GL2 / GL4 — Diamond-built, ATI-licensed cards, rebadged by IBM.
- 3DLabs — Permedia 2 / 2A, Wildcat 4000 / 4110, Wildcat III 6110, Wildcat 4 7110, Wildcat Realizm 800.
- NVIDIA — Vanta, GeForce 2 MX / EX / Pro, Quadro 2 MXR / Pro, Quadro 4 200NVS / 280NVS / 580XGL / 900XGL / 980XGL, Quadro FX 500 / 1000 / 1100 / 1300 / 1400 / 1500 / 3000 / 3400 / 3500 / 4500 / 4500 X2, Quadro NVS 280 / 285.
- ATI — FireGL 8800, V3100, V7100.
- IBM POWER GXT135P / GXT4500P / GXT6500P — PCI / PCI-X workstation 2D/3D cards used on POWER 265 / 275 / 285 / 185.
Bus generations span AGP 1× / 2× (6899, 6893, 6889), AGP Pro 4× (6849, 6868, 6866), AGP Pro 8× (6219, 6221), and PCIe x16 from 6223 / 9228 / 6217 / 6218 / 9229 / POWER 185 / POWER 285 onward.
Storage and RAID
IntelliStation storage controllers track IBM's xSeries roadmap. Generations:
- Early (6899, 6888, 6893, 6889, 6898) — Adaptec AHA-2940 / AHA-2940 UW / Ultra Wide SCSI on the planar; optional ServeRAID II/3H/4H.
- Mid (6868, 6850, 6219, 6221) — LSI 1020/1030 Ultra160 / Ultra320 on the planar; optional ServeRAID-4Lx / 4Mx / 5i / 6i.
- Late (6223, 6217, 9228, 9229) — Adaptec-derived ServeRAID HostRAID variants: ServeRAID-7e (HostRAID for SATA), ServeRAID-7t SATA, ServeRAID-8e (HostRAID, signed CD).[23][24]
Note: IBM never used the LSI "ServeRAID-MR" rebranding on IntelliStation; that came in System x post-2007. Driver legacy on IntelliStation is therefore Adaptec-exclusive for ServeRAID, with LSI integrated controllers handled outside the ServeRAID brand. The ServeRAID Support CD v7.12.14 is the standard tool for older ServeRAID controllers.[25]
ECAs Found
- ECA037 — 9.1 GB and 18.2 GB SCSI HDD firmware update for IntelliStation M Pro Type 6889 / 6897; fixes "HDDs may fail to spin up after power-off" on Adaptec SCSI controllers, or fail completely on ServeRAID / Netfinity FC controllers.[26]
- ECA036 — same fix applied to IntelliStation E Pro Type 6893.[27]
Power Supplies
Documented PSU ratings:
- M Pro 6868 — 330 W.[28]
- A Pro 6217 — 530 W with Power Factor Correction (PFC).[29]
- POWER 285 — single non-redundant Artesyn PSU, ~300 W typical draw with AIX and 2 disks.[30]
- Other MTs — refer to the per-MT Hardware Maintenance Manual.
Common Faults
- Capacitor plague — the M Pro / Z Pro Pentium 4 / Xeon generation (roughly 2001–2004) is squarely in the timeframe of the Nichicon HM / HN and Rubycon MBZ failures. Z Pro 6221 is community-confirmed as affected.[31][32] See IBM IntelliStation Capacitor Replacement Guide.
- Rubycon MBZ no-bloating failures — MBZ has a documented "no-bloating" failure mode and was discontinued by Rubycon in 2011, complicating like-for-like replacement.[33]
- CR2032 RTC battery dead — all generations from 6899 through 9229 use a socketed CR2032 lithium coin cell on the planar; depletion produces the classic 161 / 162 / 163 POST cluster.
- PSU 5VSB regulator failure — common on early-2000s IBM PSUs; presents as "no power on press" with the green standby LED dim or off.
- ServeRAID firmware mismatch — after a card swap, the ServeRAID firmware on the card must match the firmware level recorded on the drives. Recovery via ServeRAID Support CD.
Operating Systems
- x86 IntelliStation — Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 Workstation, Windows 2000 Professional, Windows XP Professional, Windows XP x64 Edition, Windows Vista Business; Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS; SUSE Linux Enterprise Workstation. Pre-2003 models were certified for Windows NT 4.0; later models for XP and beyond.
- POWER IntelliStation — AIX 5L 5.2 and 5.3 was the launch OS for the POWER 285; AIX and Linux on POWER (SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for POWER, Red Hat Enterprise Linux for POWER) were both supported on the POWER family.[34]
Pricing
The IntelliStation line was priced as IBM business workstations. Representative US launch prices:
- Z Pro 6899 (1997, dual Pentium Pro): $7,500 USD entry config.
- M Pro 6868 (2001, single Pentium III + i840): $3,800 USD entry config.
- Z Pro 6221 (2003, dual Xeon E7505): from $4,200 USD.
- POWER 285 (2005, POWER5+): $10,000+ USD with AIX 5L.
Related Pages
- IBM IntelliStation Maintenance Guide
- IBM IntelliStation Troubleshooting Guide
- IBM IntelliStation Capacitor Replacement Guide
- IBM IntelliStation BIOS Mod Guide
- IBM RS/6000 — POWER workstation predecessor (folded into IntelliStation POWER 2002)
- IBM xSeries — server-line sibling sharing many chipsets and PSUs
- Capacitor Failure Symptoms
Gallery
-
Z Pro Type 6899 — 1997 launch model (dual Pentium Pro, 440FX)
-
M Pro Type 6850 (dual Xeon, RDRAM)
-
M Pro Type 6219 (Pentium 4, 845E)
-
Z Pro Type 6221 (dual Xeon Socket 604, E7505)
-
IntelliStation POWER 185 (7047-185, dual PowerPC 970MP)
-
IntelliStation at Vintage Computer Festival Southwest 2023
References
- IBM IntelliStation — Wikipedia. Authoritative model table, launch / discontinuation dates, brand history.
- IBM Support — M Pro 6868 specifications. Confirms Pentium III + i840 + RDRAM (not Pentium 4).
- IBM Support — M Pro 6868 / 6878 Hardware Maintenance Manual.
- IBM Support — M Pro 6219 overview.
- IBM Support — M Pro 6233 / 6850 specifications.
- IBM Support — E Pro 6204 / 6214 overview.
- IBM Support — E Pro 6216 / 6226 overview.
- IBM Support — Z Pro 6223 overview.
- IBM Support — Z Pro 9228 overview.
- IBM Support — A Pro 6217 overview.
- IBM Support — M Pro 6889 specifications.
- IBM Hardware Withdrawal Announcement ENUS908-170. POWER 185 / 285 withdrawal (January 2009).
- IBM Redpaper REDP-4135 — IntelliStation POWER 185 (System p5). Authoritative 185 technical reference.
- IBM Redpaper REDP-4078 — IntelliStation POWER 285.
- IBM Docs — IntelliStation POWER 275. 9114-275 specifications.
- UnixHQ — IBM IntelliStation POWER 265. 9112-265 specifications.
- RHDisk0 — IBM IntelliStation POWER 285. Field notes on PSU, drive bays, power draw.
- Capacitor plague — Wikipedia. Background on Nichicon HM/HN and Rubycon MBZ failures.
- Badcaps forum — IBM IntelliStation Z Pro 6221 recap. Field report of Nichicon → Rubycon MBZ → failure.
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_IntelliStation
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_IntelliStation
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_IntelliStation
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_IntelliStation
- ↑ https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/overview-ibm-intellistation-e-pro-type-6204-6214
- ↑ https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/overview-ibm-intellistation-e-pro-type-6216-6226
- ↑ https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/machine-type-model-specifications-ibm-intellistation-m-pro-type-6889
- ↑ https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/specifications-ibm-intellistation-m-pro-type-6868
- ↑ https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/hardware-maintenance-manual-ibm-intellistation-m-pro-type-6868-6878-0
- ↑ https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/specifications-ibm-intellistation-m-pro-type-6233-6850
- ↑ https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/overview-ibm-intellistation-m-pro-type-6219
- ↑ https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/overview-ibm-intellistation-z-pro-type-6223
- ↑ https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/overview-ibm-intellistation-z-pro-type-9228
- ↑ https://store.flagshiptech.com/ibm-intellistation-z-pro-9228-xeon/
- ↑ https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/overview-ibm-intellistation-pro-type-6217
- ↑ https://unixhq.com/systems/ibm-power-265/
- ↑ https://www.ibm.com/docs/POWER4/p7hc5/intellistation9114_275.htm
- ↑ https://sites.google.com/site/rhdisk0/unix/hardware/ibm285
- ↑ https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/system-software-map-ibm-intellistation-power-285-9111-285-and-aix-19-ghz
- ↑ https://redbooks.ibm.com/redpapers/pdfs/redp4135.pdf
- ↑ http://www.ibmfiles.com/pages/intellipower185.htm
- ↑ http://www-01.ibm.com/common/ssi/rep_ca/0/897/ENUS908-170/ENUS908-170.PDF
- ↑ https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/ibm-serveraid-7e-adaptec-hostraid-drivers-suse-linux-enterprise-server-8-ibm-intellistation-pro-type-6224
- ↑ https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/serveraid-8e-adaptec-hostraid-support-cd-signed-servers-and-intellistation
- ↑ https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/ibm-serveraid-support-cd-v71214-ibm-system-x
- ↑ https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/eca037-91gb-and-182gb-scsi-hard-drive-firmware-update-ibm-intellistation-m-pro-type-6889-6897
- ↑ https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/eca036-91gb-and-182gb-scsi-hard-drive-firmware-update-ibm-intellistation-e-pro-type-6893
- ↑ https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/specifications-ibm-intellistation-m-pro-type-6868
- ↑ https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/overview-ibm-intellistation-pro-type-6217
- ↑ https://sites.google.com/site/rhdisk0/unix/hardware/ibm285
- ↑ https://www.badcaps.net/forum/troubleshooting-hardware-devices-and-electronics-theory/troubleshooting-desktop-motherboards-graphics-cards-and-pc-peripherals/6085-msi-ms-9121-vs-ibm-z-pro-intellistation-6221
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor_plague
- ↑ https://www.badcaps.net/forum/general-topics/general-capacitor-questions-issues/18044-scary-trend-of-rubycon-mbz-failures-no-bloating
- ↑ https://redbooks.ibm.com/redpapers/pdfs/redp4135.pdf