The Commodore 64 Kernal and Hardware Revealed: Difference between revisions
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'''''The Commodore 64 Kernal and Hardware Revealed''''' is a 1985 book by Nick Hampshire with Richard Franklin and Carl Graham, published in London by Collins Professional and Technical Books (William Collins Sons & Co.). ISBN 0-00-383090-X.<ref name="tp">Nick Hampshire, ''The Commodore 64 Kernal and Hardware Revealed'' (Collins Professional and Technical Books, 1985), title page and copyright page (PDF pp. 7-8).</ref> The numbered pages run to 194.<ref name="idx">Hampshire, ''Kernal and Hardware Revealed'', Index, pp. 193-194 (PDF pp. 205-206).</ref> Hampshire says it is meant to be used with an earlier volume in the series, ''The Commodore 64 ROMs Revealed'', which gives the source code of the operating system.<ref name="pref">Hampshire, ''Kernal and Hardware Revealed'', Preface, p. vii (PDF p. 11).</ref> | |||
The book explains how the [[Commodore 64]]'s Kernal routines and hardware work together: the keyboard, joysticks and screen; the serial bus and RS-232; the cassette interface, including high-speed tape routines, auto-running programs and tape protection; the user port and the 6526 CIAs; and interrupts.<ref name="pref" /><ref name="toc">Hampshire, ''Kernal and Hardware Revealed'', Contents (PDF p. 9).</ref> | |||
== Hardware material == | |||
* Fig. 1.2 (pp. 2-4) is Commodore's own schematic of the 64, "reproduced by courtesy of Commodore Business Machines (UK) Ltd", and Fig. 1.3 (p. 6) is Commodore's printed circuit board assembly drawing.<ref name="ch1">Hampshire, ''Kernal and Hardware Revealed'', chapter 1, pp. 2-6 (PDF pp. 14-18).</ref> Chapter 1 also describes the main chips, the PLA, the clock lines and the main system control signals.<ref name="ch1b">Hampshire, ''Kernal and Hardware Revealed'', sections 1.2-1.4, pp. 5-13 (PDF pp. 17-25).</ref> The book does not say which board revision the drawings show. | |||
* Section 3.1 describes the serial bus lines, driven by a 7406 open-collector inverter with its outputs tied to 5 V through 1 kΩ resistors (Figs. 3.1 and 3.2).<ref name="ch3">Hampshire, ''Kernal and Hardware Revealed'', section 3.1, pp. 32-33 (PDF pp. 44-45).</ref> | |||
* Section 4.1 describes the cassette hardware, including the motor supply taken from the unregulated +9 V line and switched from the 6510's port (Fig. 4.2); Fig. 4.3 shows the recording waveforms.<ref name="ch4">Hampshire, ''Kernal and Hardware Revealed'', sections 4.1-4.5, pp. 78-82 (PDF pp. 90-94).</ref> | |||
* Chapter 5 covers parallel interfacing on the user port, a speech synthesiser using General Instrument allophone tables, digital-to-analogue and analogue-to-digital conversion, and the expansion port pins and ROM cartridges.<ref name="ch5">Hampshire, ''Kernal and Hardware Revealed'', sections 5.8-5.13, pp. 140-180 (PDF pp. 152-192).</ref> | |||
The schematic is reproduced at book size and without Commodore's parts list. For component values and board identification use the [[Commodore 64 / 64C Service Manual]] and the [[Commodore 64 Technical Manual and Parts List]]. | |||
== Contents == | |||
Page numbers are from the book's contents list.<ref name="toc" /> | |||
* Preface, p. vii | |||
* 1: Inside the Commodore 64, p. 1 | |||
* 2: The Keyboard, Joysticks and Screen, p. 15 | |||
* 3: Serial Communications, p. 32 | |||
* 4: The Cassette Units, p. 78 | |||
* 5: The User Port, p. 127 | |||
* 6: Interrupts and Their Use, p. 184 | |||
* Index, p. 193 | |||
== Related pages == | |||
* [[Commodore 64]] · [[Commodore 64 Troubleshooting Guide]] | |||
* [[The Anatomy of a Commodore 64|The Anatomy of the Commodore 64]], which gives chip-level pin and register data but no schematic | |||
<pdf> File:Collins_The_Commodore_64_Kernal_and_Hardware_Revealed.pdf </pdf> | <pdf> File:Collins_The_Commodore_64_Kernal_and_Hardware_Revealed.pdf </pdf> | ||
Download | Download: [[:File:Collins The Commodore 64 Kernal and Hardware Revealed.pdf|Collins The Commodore 64 Kernal and Hardware Revealed.pdf]] | ||
== References == | |||
<references /> | |||
[[Category:Commodore Documentation]] | [[Category:Commodore Documentation]] | ||
[[Category:Commodore Books]] | [[Category:Commodore Books]] | ||
Latest revision as of 09:42, 1 October 2026
The Commodore 64 Kernal and Hardware Revealed is a 1985 book by Nick Hampshire with Richard Franklin and Carl Graham, published in London by Collins Professional and Technical Books (William Collins Sons & Co.). ISBN 0-00-383090-X.[1] The numbered pages run to 194.[2] Hampshire says it is meant to be used with an earlier volume in the series, The Commodore 64 ROMs Revealed, which gives the source code of the operating system.[3]
The book explains how the Commodore 64's Kernal routines and hardware work together: the keyboard, joysticks and screen; the serial bus and RS-232; the cassette interface, including high-speed tape routines, auto-running programs and tape protection; the user port and the 6526 CIAs; and interrupts.[3][4]
Hardware material
[edit | edit source]- Fig. 1.2 (pp. 2-4) is Commodore's own schematic of the 64, "reproduced by courtesy of Commodore Business Machines (UK) Ltd", and Fig. 1.3 (p. 6) is Commodore's printed circuit board assembly drawing.[5] Chapter 1 also describes the main chips, the PLA, the clock lines and the main system control signals.[6] The book does not say which board revision the drawings show.
- Section 3.1 describes the serial bus lines, driven by a 7406 open-collector inverter with its outputs tied to 5 V through 1 kΩ resistors (Figs. 3.1 and 3.2).[7]
- Section 4.1 describes the cassette hardware, including the motor supply taken from the unregulated +9 V line and switched from the 6510's port (Fig. 4.2); Fig. 4.3 shows the recording waveforms.[8]
- Chapter 5 covers parallel interfacing on the user port, a speech synthesiser using General Instrument allophone tables, digital-to-analogue and analogue-to-digital conversion, and the expansion port pins and ROM cartridges.[9]
The schematic is reproduced at book size and without Commodore's parts list. For component values and board identification use the Commodore 64 / 64C Service Manual and the Commodore 64 Technical Manual and Parts List.
Contents
[edit | edit source]Page numbers are from the book's contents list.[4]
- Preface, p. vii
- 1: Inside the Commodore 64, p. 1
- 2: The Keyboard, Joysticks and Screen, p. 15
- 3: Serial Communications, p. 32
- 4: The Cassette Units, p. 78
- 5: The User Port, p. 127
- 6: Interrupts and Their Use, p. 184
- Index, p. 193
Related pages
[edit | edit source]- Commodore 64 · Commodore 64 Troubleshooting Guide
- The Anatomy of the Commodore 64, which gives chip-level pin and register data but no schematic
Download: Collins The Commodore 64 Kernal and Hardware Revealed.pdf
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ Nick Hampshire, The Commodore 64 Kernal and Hardware Revealed (Collins Professional and Technical Books, 1985), title page and copyright page (PDF pp. 7-8).
- ↑ Hampshire, Kernal and Hardware Revealed, Index, pp. 193-194 (PDF pp. 205-206).
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hampshire, Kernal and Hardware Revealed, Preface, p. vii (PDF p. 11).
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hampshire, Kernal and Hardware Revealed, Contents (PDF p. 9).
- ↑ Hampshire, Kernal and Hardware Revealed, chapter 1, pp. 2-6 (PDF pp. 14-18).
- ↑ Hampshire, Kernal and Hardware Revealed, sections 1.2-1.4, pp. 5-13 (PDF pp. 17-25).
- ↑ Hampshire, Kernal and Hardware Revealed, section 3.1, pp. 32-33 (PDF pp. 44-45).
- ↑ Hampshire, Kernal and Hardware Revealed, sections 4.1-4.5, pp. 78-82 (PDF pp. 90-94).
- ↑ Hampshire, Kernal and Hardware Revealed, sections 5.8-5.13, pp. 140-180 (PDF pp. 152-192).