Atari 65XE
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| Atari 65XE Home Computer | |
| Specifications | |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Atari Corporation |
| Type | Home Computer |
| Released | 1985 |
| Discontinued | 1992 |
| Intro price | US$120 (1985) |
| CPU | MOS Technology 6502C @ 1.79 MHz (NTSC) / 1.77 MHz (PAL) |
| Memory | 64 KB RAM, 16 KB ROM (BASIC, OS) |
| Storage | External cassette tape (410/1010), optional 5.25" floppy disk drive (1050/XF551) |
| Display | 320×192 pixels, 40×24 text, 16 colours (ANTIC/GTIA) |
| Sound | POKEY: 4 voices, 8-bit, noise, envelope, keyboard scan |
| Dimensions | 34 cm × 24 cm × 7 cm |
| Weight | 1.7 kg |
| OS / Firmware | Atari BASIC (in ROM), Atari OS |
| Predecessor | Atari 800XL |
| Successor | Atari 130XE |
| Codename | Sweet-16 |
| Model no. | 65XE |
The Atari 65XE is an 8-bit home computer introduced by Atari Corporation in 1985 as part of the XE ("XL Enhanced") series. It maintained compatibility with the Atari 8-bit family while featuring a redesigned case and revised electronics, targeting the home computing and gaming market during the mid-1980s.
Architecture and Processor
[edit | edit source]At its core, the 65XE uses the MOS Technology 6502C microprocessor, a variant of the classic 6502, running at:
- 1.79 MHz (NTSC systems)
- 1.77 MHz (PAL systems)
The 6502C coordinates system operations and interfaces with Atari’s custom chips, including ANTIC (video), GTIA (graphics), POKEY (sound and I/O), and PIA (peripherals).
Memory and Storage
[edit | edit source]The Atari 65XE is equipped with:
- 64 KB RAM
- 16 KB ROM, comprising:
- 10 KB for the operating system (OS)
- 6 KB for Atari BASIC (Revision C)
Storage options include:
- Cassette tape drive (Atari 410/1010)
- 5.25" floppy disk drive (Atari 1050, XF551)
- Cartridge slot for instant program loading
Display and Graphics
[edit | edit source]Video output is managed by the ANTIC and GTIA chips, providing:
- Resolution up to 320×192 pixels
- Text display: 40 columns × 24 rows
- 16 colours (palette from 256 possible hues/luminances)
- Multiple graphics modes (ANTIC modes 2–15), hardware vertical/horizontal scrolling
- Hardware sprites ("player/missile graphics") for smooth animation
The XE series supports composite and RF video output for connection to TVs and monitors.
Sound Capabilities
[edit | edit source]Audio is generated by the POKEY chip, offering:
- 4 independent audio channels (voices), each 8-bit
- Programmable frequency, noise, and envelope control
- Keyboard scanning and serial I/O support
- Capable of complex sound effects and simple music synthesis
Input/Output and Expansion
[edit | edit source]The 65XE provides a range of I/O ports:
- Cartridge slot – for software and hardware expansions
- SIO (Serial Input/Output) port – connects to disk drives, printers, modems, and other peripherals
- Two joystick ports – compatible with Atari-standard controllers
- Composite and RF video outputs – for TV/monitor connection
- Parallel bus (internal, not user-accessible) for memory upgrades and peripherals
The XE series dropped the XL’s parallel bus connector, limiting some expansion options compared to earlier models.
PCB Schematics & Service Manual
[edit | edit source]The Atari 65XE features a compact mainboard integrating the 6502C CPU, ANTIC, GTIA, POKEY, and RAM/ROM ICs. Service documentation and schematics are essential for repair and restoration.
| Logic Board | Schematic Diagrams |
|---|---|
 |
File:ATARI65XE-SCHEMATIC.pdf |
For full service documentation, see the Atari 65XE Service Manual
Gallery
[edit | edit source]-
Atari 65XE front view -
Rear panel with I/O ports -
65XE motherboard (top view)
