Nintendo Entertainment System: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox computer | |||
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| Mega Drive / Genesis]] | |||
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}} | |||
{{Short description|Home video game console}} | |||
{{Redirect-multi|2|NES|control deck|the type of card deck used in ''Magic: The Gathering''|Magic: The Gathering deck types#Control{{!}}''Magic: The Gathering'' deck types § Control|other uses of "NES"|NES (disambiguation)}} | |||
{{Pp-move|small=yes}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}} | |||
{{Infobox information appliance | |||
| name = Nintendo Entertainment System / Family Computer | |||
| aka = {{Video game release | |||
| KOR = Hyundai Comboy | |||
| IND = Samurai Electronic TV Game System | |||
| CIS = [[Dendy (console)|Dendy]] | |||
}} | |||
| logo = [[File:NES logo.svg|frameless|Official Nintendo Entertainment System logo]]<br /><div style="margin-top:5px">[[File:Family Computer logo.svg|frameless|Family Computer logo]]</div> | |||
| image = <div style="background-color: #fff; border: #dadada solid 1px; white-space: nowrap;"> | |||
[[File:NES-Console-Set.png|frameless|Nintendo Entertainment System with controller]]<br /> | |||
[[File:Nintendo-Famicom-Console-Set-FL.png|frameless|Nintendo Family Computer]] | |||
</div> | |||
| caption = '''Top:''' NES Control Deck (with detachable controllers)<br />'''Bottom:''' Family Computer ("Famicom") main unit (with hardwired controllers) | |||
| developer = [[Nintendo Research & Development 2|Nintendo R&D2]] | |||
| manufacturer = [[Nintendo]] | |||
| type = [[Home video game console]] | |||
| generation = [[Third generation of video game consoles|Third]] | |||
| release date = {{Video game release | |||
| JP = {{Start date|1983|07|15}} | |||
| NA = October 18, 1985<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/2010/10/1018nintendo-nes-launches/|title=Oct. 18, 1985: Nintendo Entertainment System Launches|date=October 18, 2010|magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|WIRED]]|access-date=June 11, 2015|last1=Kohler|first1=Chris|archive-date=November 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126134701/https://www.wired.com/2010/10/1018nintendo-nes-launches/|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
| EU = September 1, 1986{{efn|For distribution purposes, most of Europe and Australasia were divided into several regions, with staggered launches.}} | |||
| AUS = July 1987 | |||
}} | |||
| discontinued = 1995 (worldwide) | |||
| price = US$179 (1985, NA launch)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.polygon.com/2015/10/18/9555747/nes-launch-price-1985|title=The NES launched 30 years ago today for $179.99|website=Polygon|date=18 October 2015|access-date=11 June 2024}}</ref> | |||
| cpu = [[Ricoh 2A03]] (NTSC) / [[Ricoh 2A07]] (PAL)<br />8-bit MOS Technology 6502 core @ 1.79 MHz (NTSC) / 1.66 MHz (PAL) | |||
| memory = 2 KB onboard RAM<br />2 KB video RAM (VRAM) | |||
| storage = ROM cartridges (up to 1 MB, typical 8–512 KB) | |||
| display = 256 × 240 px, 48 colours (24 on screen), 25 simultaneous colours | |||
| sound = 5-channel mono (2 pulse, 1 triangle, 1 noise, 1 DPCM), expansion audio via cartridge | |||
| dimensions = NES: 254 × 203 × 89 mm<br />Famicom: 150 × 220 × 60 mm | |||
| weight = NES: 1.4 kg<br />Famicom: 0.9 kg | |||
| os = None (firmware only) | |||
| predecessor = [[Color TV-Game]] | |||
| successor = [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System|Super NES / Super Famicom]] | |||
| model = NES-001 (NES), HVC-001 (Famicom) | |||
| codename = GameCom (NES), Family Computer (Famicom) | |||
}} | |||
The '''Nintendo Entertainment System''' ('''NES'''), released as the '''Family Computer''' ('''Famicom''') in Japan, is an 8-bit third-generation home video game console developed and manufactured by [[Nintendo]]. Originally launched in Japan on 15 July 1983, it was released in North America in October 1985 and in Europe and Australasia from 1986 onwards. The NES revitalised the video game industry following the crash of 1983 and became one of the best-selling consoles of its era, with over 61 million units sold worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nintendo.co.jp/corporate/release/en/2016/160427.html|title=Consolidated Sales Transition by Region|publisher=Nintendo|date=27 April 2016|access-date=11 June 2024}}</ref> | |||
== 🧠 Architecture and Processor == | |||
The NES is powered by the [[Ricoh 2A03]] (NTSC) or [[Ricoh 2A07]] (PAL) microprocessor, both based on the [[MOS Technology 6502]] core, running at approximately 1.79 MHz (NTSC) or 1.66 MHz (PAL). The CPU integrates basic audio hardware and manages all system operations, including communication with the [[Picture Processing Unit]] (PPU) and input devices. | |||
Key features: | |||
* 8-bit data bus, 16-bit address bus | |||
* No native decimal mode (disabled in NES variant) | |||
* Integrated 5-channel audio (see below) | |||
* Direct memory access (DMA) for sprite data transfer | |||
== 💾 Memory and Storage == | |||
The NES contains: | |||
* 2 KB onboard RAM (CPU-accessible) | |||
* 2 KB video RAM (VRAM, for PPU) | |||
* Cartridges may include additional RAM (commonly 8–32 KB) and memory mappers for advanced games | |||
Games are stored on ROM cartridges, ranging from 8 KB to 1 MB, with most early titles under 128 KB. Later games use memory management controllers (MMC) to support bank switching and expanded features. | |||
== 🖥️ Display and Graphics == | |||
The NES uses a custom [[Picture Processing Unit]] (PPU), the Ricoh 2C02 (NTSC) or 2C07 (PAL), providing: | |||
* Resolution: 256 × 240 pixels (NTSC), 256 × 240/288 (PAL) | |||
* Colour palette: 54 colours (48 displayable, 6 greys) | |||
* 25 simultaneous on-screen colours (background + sprites) | |||
* Up to 64 sprites (8 per scanline limit) | |||
* 2 background layers (tile-based) | |||
* Hardware scrolling and palette effects | |||
== 🔊 Sound Capabilities == | |||
The Ricoh 2 | |||
{{Navbox-AppleVintage}} | |||
Revision as of 13:15, 4 May 2025
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[[Category:Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Pagetype/setindex' not found. with short description]]Template:SDcat
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Template:Infobox information appliance
The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), released as the Family Computer (Famicom) in Japan, is an 8-bit third-generation home video game console developed and manufactured by Nintendo. Originally launched in Japan on 15 July 1983, it was released in North America in October 1985 and in Europe and Australasia from 1986 onwards. The NES revitalised the video game industry following the crash of 1983 and became one of the best-selling consoles of its era, with over 61 million units sold worldwide.[1]
🧠 Architecture and Processor
The NES is powered by the Ricoh 2A03 (NTSC) or Ricoh 2A07 (PAL) microprocessor, both based on the MOS Technology 6502 core, running at approximately 1.79 MHz (NTSC) or 1.66 MHz (PAL). The CPU integrates basic audio hardware and manages all system operations, including communication with the Picture Processing Unit (PPU) and input devices.
Key features:
- 8-bit data bus, 16-bit address bus
- No native decimal mode (disabled in NES variant)
- Integrated 5-channel audio (see below)
- Direct memory access (DMA) for sprite data transfer
💾 Memory and Storage
The NES contains:
- 2 KB onboard RAM (CPU-accessible)
- 2 KB video RAM (VRAM, for PPU)
- Cartridges may include additional RAM (commonly 8–32 KB) and memory mappers for advanced games
Games are stored on ROM cartridges, ranging from 8 KB to 1 MB, with most early titles under 128 KB. Later games use memory management controllers (MMC) to support bank switching and expanded features.
🖥️ Display and Graphics
The NES uses a custom Picture Processing Unit (PPU), the Ricoh 2C02 (NTSC) or 2C07 (PAL), providing:
- Resolution: 256 × 240 pixels (NTSC), 256 × 240/288 (PAL)
- Colour palette: 54 colours (48 displayable, 6 greys)
- 25 simultaneous on-screen colours (background + sprites)
- Up to 64 sprites (8 per scanline limit)
- 2 background layers (tile-based)
- Hardware scrolling and palette effects
🔊 Sound Capabilities
The Ricoh 2