Jump to content

IBM PS/2 Model 80 Maintenance Guide: Difference between revisions

From RetroTechCollection
← Older edit

Josh (talk | contribs)

8 user groups
19,118 edits
undo
VisualWikitext
Add tower photograph noting the power-supply fan position over the planar
Rewrite: cite new Model 80 HMR/HMS and both TechRefs; add Power Good timing (TechRef 1987), 1 s vs 10 s restart, coprocessor orientation and FRUs, terminator rules, HMS memory procedures; fix 'no Power Good figure published' and Type 1 memory; attribute Ardent contributors; de-bold
 
Line 1: Line 1:
This guide covers preventive maintenance and routine service on the '''[[IBM PS/2 Model 80]]''' (machine type 8580, all submodels). The Model 80 shares its chassis, side cover, front bezel, drive support structure, power-supply form factor and battery/speaker assembly with the [[IBM PS/2 Model 60|Model 60]] and the Model 65 SX, so the mechanical work below applies to those too.<ref name="atcommon80">[https://www.ardent-tool.com/60_65_80/Common.html 60, 65 SX, and 80 — Common Devices], Ardent Tool of Capitalism. Source for the side-cover and front-bezel removal procedures, the locked-case workaround, IBM retain tip H064300 (1780 on the -041 machines), the dust-under-the-fan cause of lost configuration and disk errors with the list of affected ICs, IBM retain tip H024809 on checking the battery for a minimum of 5.5 V DC, the Mitsubishi/ALPS diskette-drive comparison and "killer caps", Alan Douglas's capacitor-replacement notes, and the on-board VGA capabilities and the multiple-VGA-driver warning.</ref>
<templatestyles src="Template:StyledTable/styles.css" />
<templatestyles src="Template:StyledTable/styles.css" />
[[File:IBM PS2 Model 80 system.jpg|thumb|right|260px|IBM PS/2 Model 80 (8580) system unit.]]
Routine maintenance on the '''[[IBM PS/2 Model 80]]''' (machine type 8580) covers all three system boards: the 16 MHz and 20 MHz boards of 1987 and the 25 MHz board of 1990. The Model 80 uses the same tower case, side cover, front bezel, drive support structure and battery/speaker assembly as the [[IBM PS/2 Model 60]] and Model 65 SX, and the same supply form factor and pinout.<ref name="atcommon80">[https://www.ardent-tool.com/60_65_80/Common.html "60, 65 SX, and 80 – Common Devices"], Ardent Tool of Capitalism. Opening the side cover, removing the front bezel, Tony Ingenoso's method for a locked cover, retain tip H064300 (1780 on the 8560-041 and 8580-041), Peter Wendt on dust under the supply fan, Alfred Arnold on a clock that stops, retain tip H024809 (battery minimum 5.5 V), and the Mitsubishi and ALPS diskette drives.</ref><ref name="hmm">IBM, ''IBM Personal System/2 Hardware Maintenance Manual'', S52G-9971-02, October 1994. Hosted on this wiki as [[IBM Personal System 2 Hardware Maintenance Manual (S52G-9971-02, October 1994)]] ([[:File:IBM PS2 HMM S52G-9971 Oct 1994.pdf|PDF]]). Codes 010450XX-010499XX, pp. 46-47; Models 60, 65 and 80 power-supply connector and test voltages, p. 142; Models 60, 65 and 80 parts list, pp. 251-253.</ref>


[[File:IBM PS2 Model 80 system.jpg|thumb|right|260px|The Model 80 floor-standing tower. The power supply sits at the top of the chassis, above the drive support structure, and its fan blows across the planar.]]
== Safety ==


== Safety Warning ==
The supply rectifies the mains and its reservoir capacitors hold a charge after the machine is unplugged. In the 225 W supply P/N 72X6665 there are two, C5 and C6, each 1000 µF 200 V, connected in series with a chain of 220 kΩ balancing resistors across each.<ref name="psusch">Eric Schlaepfer ("Tube Time"), ''PS/2 Model 80 Power Supply'', schematic of the 225 W supply IBM P/N 72X6665, PEC 3978, 2024, CC BY-SA 4.0. Hosted on this wiki as [[:File:IBM PS2 225W Power Supply 72X6665 Reverse-Engineered Schematic (Tube Time 2024).pdf]]. Reservoir capacitors C5 and C6 (1000 µF 200 V) with balancing resistors R100-R106 and R108-R114 (220 kΩ); inrush thermistors RT1, RT2 with R117, R118; power LED driven from Power Good.</ref> Other makes of supply with the same IBM numbers are built differently.<ref name="atpsufix">Al Savage, [https://www.ardent-tool.com/60_65_80/PSU_Fix.html "Repair of PS/2 8580 Power Supply"], Ardent Tool of Capitalism, edited by Major Tom. A 225 W Schrack EP071063-A (P/N 90X9109, P/N 15F6551, EC A79369) that failed with a chirp from a shorted 3300 µF 16 V output filter capacitor, one of an identical pair, and a cold solder joint; security screws on the case; a ground lead through the top cover; the cover slides about an inch before lifting; a Plessey unit with the same IBM numbers has riveted case halves.</ref> Unplug the machine before opening the case, and measure both capacitors before touching the primary side of an opened supply.


The tower supply is mains-rectified, and its two primary reservoir capacitors are in series across the rectified mains with a balancing resistor chain. Before opening the supply shell, unplug the mains lead, discharge '''each''' reservoir individually through a 1 kΩ / 5 W resistor across its own terminals, and confirm with a meter that both read near zero. Do not probe a powered primary side without an isolation transformer. The supply is universal and voltage-sensing; there is no range selector to set wrongly.<ref name="psusch">Eric Schlaepfer ("Tube Time"), ''IBM PS/2 225 W Power Supply 72X6665 — reverse-engineered schematic'', 2024, CC BY-SA 4.0 — hosted on this wiki as [[:File:IBM PS2 225W Power Supply 72X6665 Reverse-Engineered Schematic (Tube Time 2024).pdf]]. Drawn from a physical 72X6665 / PEC 3978 unit; the only component-level reference published for this supply. IBM did not publish capacitor values for any PS/2 power supply.</ref><ref name="m80tr">IBM, ''IBM Personal System/2 Model 80 386 Technical Reference'', October 1990 — hosted on this wiki as [[:File:IBM PS2 Model 80 Technical Reference Oct90.pdf]]. Section 1: "Physical Specifications", "Power Supply", "Outputs", "Output Protection", "Voltage Sequencing", "Component Maximum Current" and "Channel Load Current".</ref>
IBM gives the system unit's weight as up to 26 kg with options and says to service it standing upright; it can be laid on its side, without the cover, once the feet are folded in.<ref name="hmr80">IBM, ''IBM PS/2 Model 80 Hardware Maintenance Reference'', S64F-3995-01, 25 September 1990. Hosted on this wiki as [[:File:IBM PS2 Model 80 HMR.pdf]]. Cover lock (1.1.1), power-on password (1.1.2), CMOS RAM (1.2.2), keyboard and pointing-device connectors (1.2.8), fixed disks park their heads (2.2), power supply and under-voltage sense levels (3.1), system memory and memory errors (4.1), specifications (5.0), special tools (6.0), service position and weight caution (7.0), removals and replacements (8.0): adapters in the same slot (8.4), math coprocessor orientation (8.6), battery caution and cable order (8.7), front and rear fixed-disk terminators (8.15, 8.16), system board (8.19).</ref> IBM's lithium battery caution: do not recharge the pack, take it apart, heat it above 100 °C, burn it or expose the cell contents to water; replace it only with part 72X8498 or an equivalent.<ref name="hmr80" />


There is no CRT in the system unit. The matching IBM displays are serviced separately — see [[CRT Discharge Procedure]].
There is no CRT in the system unit. IBM's displays have their own tube and supply; see [[CRT Discharge Procedure]].


'''The machine is heavy.''' IBM's announcement gives 23.1 kg for the -041 and -071; the technical reference gives 20.6 kg with one fixed disk fitted for the 25 MHz machines. Get help before manhandling one onto a bench.<ref name="a187051">IBM Announcement Letter 187-051, "IBM Personal System/2 Model 80 (8580-041/071)", 2 April 1987, reproduced at [https://www.ardent-tool.com/8580/187-051.txt ardent-tool.com]. Source for the launch prices, the "eight I/O bus slots with five 16-bit and three 16/32-bit (one 16-bit slot is occupied by the disk controller adapter)", the 225-watt universal power supply, and the physical specifications (165.1 × 482.6 × 597.2 mm, 23.1 kg).</ref><ref name="m80tr" />
== Opening the system unit ==


== Physical Specification ==
The side cover is held by two large captive screws.<ref name="atcommon80" />


{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:100%;"
# Switch off and unplug the mains lead and all cables.
|+'''Model 80 — IBM published figures'''
# Turn the two large screws on the side cover anticlockwise with a coin or large flat blade until they are loose. They stay in the cover.
! style="text-align:left;" | Item !! style="text-align:left;" | Value
# Swing the cover out on its bottom hinges until the top edge clears the case, then lift it up and out.
|-
| Width × depth × height || 165 mm (318 mm with the feet extended) × 483 mm × 597 mm
|-
| Weight || 23.1 kg (-041, -071); 20.6 kg with one fixed disk (25 MHz models)
|-
| Heat output || 350 W/hour with the 225 W supply, 375 W/hour with the 242 W, 390 W/hour with the 250 W
|-
| Mains input || 100–125 V or 200–240 V, 50–60 Hz, automatically selected
|-
| Operating temperature and humidity || 15.6 to 32.2 °C, 8 % to 80 % RH
|-
| Micro Channel slots || Eight. 16/20 MHz planars: three 32-bit and five 16-bit, one with the auxiliary video extension. 25 MHz planar: four 32-bit with Matched Memory Extension and four 16-bit, two with the auxiliary video extension
|-
| Drive positions || Four 3.5-inch half-height (two accessible) plus one 5.25-inch full-height, which can carry two 3.5-inch half-height drives instead
|-
| Keyboard port, maximum allowable current || 275 mA
|-
| Auxiliary device port, maximum allowable current || 300 mA
|}


<ref name="m80tr" /><ref name="a187051" /><ref name="qref80">IBM product information document GJAN-43WKBR, "IBM PS/2 (Model 80) — Technical specifications", mirrored at [https://www.ardent-tool.com/qtechinfo/GJAN-43WKBR.html ardent-tool.com]. IBM's own summary: announce date 2 April 1987; 16 MHz (041, 071), 20 MHz (1xx), 25 MHz (Axx); 3 32-bit slots on the 0xx/1xx and 4 on the Axx; 1–4 MB on the system board in two sockets, expandable to 16 MB with memory options; cache 0 KB except 64 KB on the Axx; 225 W (242 W on the Axx); drive bays 4 × 3.5-inch half-height plus 1 × 5.25-inch full height; and the interface and access time of every fixed disk offered.</ref>
The cover lock is on the left side of the system unit. If the keys are lost, IBM's procedure is to order a new cover-lock assembly, which comes with two keys, and force the old lock with one of the new keys and a pair of pliers.<ref name="hmr80" /> Tony Ingenoso's method, on Ardent Tool, needs no new lock if the bottom slot is empty: turn the machine upside down, take off the front bezel, loosen the slot retainer, push the bottom slot cover into the case, and with a torch find the front and rear retaining tabs on the bottom of the side cover. Lever them down with a long thin screwdriver, from the rear through the slot opening and from the front through one of the bezel holes, shimming the first tab so it does not spring back. Ardent Tool's measurements from an 8580: the front tab is 2.8 inches from the front corner and the rear tab 3.6 inches from the back, both 1.5 inches in and about 0.25 inch deep, for anyone who drills small access holes instead.<ref name="atcommon80" />
 
== Opening the Tower ==
 
'''No screwdriver is needed.'''<ref name="atcommon80" />
 
# Power off and unplug everything.
# Use a coin or a large flat blade to turn the two large screwheads on the side cover anticlockwise. They are captive and will not come out.
# Pivot the side cover outwards on its bottom hinges until the top edge clears the case, then pull it up and out.


=== Removing the front bezel ===
=== Removing the front bezel ===


# Open the side cover.
# Open the side cover.
# In the bottom front corner, pull the speaker/battery assembly out horizontally by its frame. '''Do not pull the battery header out of the planar''' — if you do, the configuration is gone. Set the loose assembly down in the bottom of the case.
# At the bottom front corner, pull the battery/speaker assembly out horizontally by its frame and lay it in the bottom of the case. Do not pull the battery lead off the system board, or the configuration is lost.
# Press the white thermoplastic catch below the grille down and out towards the front. The second catch is hidden behind the black foam around the grille; feel for the inner edge of the foam and push that catch down and forwards too.
# Press the white plastic catch below the grille down and towards the front. The second catch is behind the black foam round the grille; feel for the inner edge of the foam and push that catch down and forwards too.
# With both catches level with the case, grab the bottom edge of the bezel and pull it off. There is a third catch to the right of the power switch.
# With both catches pushed level with the case, pull the bottom edge of the bezel away. A third catch sits to the right of the power switch.


Unlike the Model 95 bezel, this one has no upper pivots — all three catches grip the frame and pull the bezel onto it.<ref name="atcommon80" />
<ref name="atcommon80" />


=== If the cover lock is engaged and you have no key ===
== Power supply checks ==


Turn the machine upside down, remove the front bezel, loosen the slot retainer for what is now the upper slot and push the slot blank into the case. With a torch you can see the front and rear retaining tabs on the side cover and lever them down with a long thin screwdriver — from the rear through the slot opening, from the front through one of the bezel holes. Shim the first tab once it clears so it cannot snap back. On a measured 8580 the front tab is 71 mm from the front corner and 38 mm in; the rear tab is 91 mm from the back and 38 mm in, both about 6 mm deep — some people drill small access holes at those points instead.<ref name="atcommon80" />
The supply connects to the system board through a 15-pin connector and to the fixed-disk positions through two 4-pin connectors. It has three DC outputs, +5 V, +12 V and −12 V; there is no −5 V rail.<ref name="m80tr87">IBM, ''IBM Personal System/2 Model 80 Technical Reference'', April 1987. Hosted on this wiki as [[IBM PS2 Model 80 Technical Reference (April 1987)]] ([[:File:IBM PS2 Model 80 Technical Reference Apr87.pdf|PDF]]). Section 5, "Power Supply", pp. 5-3 to 5-6: input ranges, internal fuse, outputs, output protection (restart after the switch has been off for at least one second), voltage sequencing, no-load operation, auto restart, the power good signal (100-500 ms turn-on delay after +5 V reaches its sense level; at least 10 ms hold-up after mains is removed), sense levels, and the connector assignments including pin 15 System Status for the fixed-disk light.</ref><ref name="m80tr">IBM, ''IBM Personal System/2 Model 80 386 Technical Reference'', October 1990. Hosted on this wiki as [[IBM PS2 Model 80 Technical Reference (October 1990)]] ([[:File:IBM PS2 Model 80 Technical Reference Oct90.pdf|PDF]]). Heat output by supply rating, p. 1-10; outputs, component maximum current and channel load current, p. 1-12; output protection (restart after the switch has been off for at least ten seconds) and voltage sequencing, p. 1-13; drive power connectors, p. 1-14.</ref>


== Power Supply Checks ==
{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:70%;"
 
|+'''15-pin system board power connector'''
The supply mates with a 15-pin connector on the planar.<ref name="atpwr80">[https://www.ardent-tool.com/60_65_80/Power.html 60, 65 SX, and 80 — Power Supply], Ardent Tool of Capitalism. Secondary source reproducing IBM's 15-pin planar power-connector pinout and service test-voltage table for the 8560/8565/8580, the observed supply variants with their FRU numbers and output ratings, the removal procedure, Peter Wendt's note on the high failure rate of the power switch, and Fred Spencer's fixed-disk power-consumption figures.</ref>
! style="text-align:left;" | Pins !! style="text-align:left;" | Signal
 
{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:100%;"
|+'''8560 / 8565 / 8580 planar power connector'''
! style="text-align:left;" | Pin(s) !! style="text-align:left;" | Signal
|-
|-
| 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 || +5 V DC
| 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 || +5 V DC
Line 75: Line 44:
| 3 || +12 V DC
| 3 || +12 V DC
|-
|-
| 9 || &minus;12 V DC
| 9 || −12 V DC
|-
|-
| 12 || Power Good — +5 V once all voltages are stabilised
| 12 || Power Good
|-
|-
| 15 || Hard-drive LED, active high
| 15 || System Status (fixed-disk activity light)
|}
|}


'''There is no &minus;5 V rail.''' IBM's technical reference states plainly that the supply "converts the ac input voltage to '''three''' dc output voltages" and lists them as +5 V, +12 V and &minus;12 V for the system board, with +5 V and +12 V for the drives.<ref name="m80tr" /><ref name="atpwr80" />
<ref name="m80tr87" /><ref name="atpwr80">[https://www.ardent-tool.com/60_65_80/Power.html "60, 65 SX, and 80 – Power Supply"], Ardent Tool of Capitalism. Supply removal, the 15-pin pinout, IBM's test voltages, the supply variants and the 72X6665 label, Peter Wendt on power switch failures, the crackling-noise thread, and Fred Spencer's fixed-disk power figures.</ref>


IBM's service limits, measured with the black lead on pin 2:
IBM's test is made with the black lead on pin 2. Unplug the 15-pin connector from the system board before measuring at a drive connector. If any voltage is outside these limits, or the supply fan is not running, IBM replaces the supply.<ref name="hms80">IBM, ''IBM PS/2 Model 80 Hardware Maintenance Service'', S15F-2199-01, September 1990. Hosted on this wiki as [[:File:IBM PS2 Model 80 HMS.pdf]]. Power-on password (3.0), undetermined problem (4.0), power supply voltages and fan (5.0), memory (11.0), symptom-to-FRU index (12.0), parts (15.0).</ref><ref name="hmm" />


{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:100%;"
{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:70%;"
|+'''Model 60 / 65 / 80 — IBM service limits'''
|+'''Models 60, 65 and 80: IBM supply test voltages'''
! style="text-align:left;" | Measure !! style="text-align:left;" | Rail !! style="text-align:left;" | Minimum !! style="text-align:left;" | Maximum
! style="text-align:left;" | Leads !! style="text-align:left;" | Rail !! style="text-align:left;" | Minimum !! style="text-align:left;" | Maximum
|-
|-
| Pin 2 to pin 9 || &minus;12 V || &minus;9.0 V || &minus;15.0 V
| Pin 2 to pin 9 || −12 V || −9.0 V || −15.0 V
|-
|-
| Pin 2 to pin 3 || +12 V || +9.0 V || +15.0 V
| Pin 2 to pin 3 || +12 V || +9.0 V || +15.0 V
Line 96: Line 65:
| Pin 2 to pin 1 || +5 V || +3.7 V || +6.2 V
| Pin 2 to pin 1 || +5 V || +3.7 V || +6.2 V
|-
|-
| Drive connector, B to D || +5 V || +3.7 V || +6.2 V
| Drive connector B to D || +5 V || +3.7 V || +6.2 V
|-
|-
| Drive connector, C to A || +12 V || +9.0 V || +15.0 V
| Drive connector C to A || +12 V || +9.0 V || +15.0 V
|}
|}


Disconnect the 15-pin planar connector before taking the drive-connector readings. If the voltages are wrong, or the fan is not turning, IBM's instruction is to replace the supply.<ref name="atpwr80" /><ref name="hmm">IBM, ''IBM Personal System/2 Hardware Maintenance Manual'', S52G-9971-02, October 1994 — hosted on this wiki as [[:File:IBM PS2 HMM S52G-9971 Oct 1994.pdf]]. Sections "Power Supply Voltage Check", "System-Unit Power Supplies", "Numeric Error Codes" and the Model 50/70 and Model 60/65/80 parts catalogues. Note that the printed Models 50/70 voltage table on page 141 repeats each rail's maximum in the minimum column; the facing 60/65/80 table and ardent-tool's transcription of the same IBM table give the correct minima, which are the figures used here.</ref>
These limits only decide whether IBM changes the supply. The supply raises Power Good, which lights the green lamp on the front, only when +5 V is above 4.5 V, +12 V above 10.8 V and −12 V beyond −10.2 V. The 1987 technical reference adds that Power Good comes up 100 to 500 ms after +5 V reaches its sense level and stays up for at least 10 ms after the mains is removed.<ref name="hmr80" /><ref name="m80tr87" /> A machine that runs with the green lamp off has a supply that is not meeting those levels.
 
These are '''service''' limits — the window inside which IBM does not replace the supply — and they are deliberately very wide. They are not a statement that +4 V on the 5 V rail is healthy.
 
Three documented behaviours worth knowing before you diagnose a "dead" machine:<ref name="m80tr" />


* '''Protection latches.''' A short circuit on any DC output — between two outputs, or between an output and DC return — latches every output into shutdown with no damage to the supply. An internal over-voltage fault latches every output into shutdown '''before any output exceeds 130 % of nominal'''.
The supply protects itself. A short between any two outputs, or from an output to DC return, latches every output off without damage, and an internal over-voltage fault latches them off before any output passes 130 % of nominal. The supply restarts only when the fault is gone and the switch has been off for a while: at least one second in the 1987 technical reference, ten seconds in the 1990 edition.<ref name="m80tr87" /><ref name="m80tr" /> A tower that clicks off and will not restart at once may simply be latched. The supply restarts by itself after a mains failure.<ref name="m80tr87" />
* '''It stays latched.''' After either shutdown the supply returns to normal only once the fault has been removed '''and the power switch has been off for at least ten seconds'''. A tower that clicks and dies, and then will not restart immediately, is doing what it was designed to do.
* '''Rails track at power-on.''' The outputs track within 50 ms of each other measured at their 50 % points. There is no published "Power Good within N milliseconds" figure for this machine, and none should be quoted.


The front-panel power light is driven by Power Good, and an under-voltage on any rail simply de-asserts it. A machine that runs with the light off has a supply that is not meeting its own thresholds.<ref name="psusch" />
Before opening the supply of a dead machine, check the power switch. Peter Wendt reports that about half the failed Model 80 supplies he dealt with had a broken switch, the red ones more often than the white; the same switch was used in IBM 327x and 525x terminals and was available as a spare.<ref name="atpwr80" />


'''Before blaming the electronics:''' roughly half of failed Model 80 supplies failed on a '''broken power switch''', the red ones more often than the white. The same switch was used in IBM 327x and 525x terminals and was a stocked spare.<ref name="atpwr80" />
To remove the supply, take the rear drive carrier out of the drive support structure, unplug the 4-pin drive power leads and the system board power plug, remove the three screws holding the supply, and pull it out.<ref name="atpwr80" />
 
'''Removing the supply:''' take the rear drive carrier out of the drive support structure, unplug any 4-pin drive power leads and the planar power plug, remove the three screws that hold the supply in, and pull it out of the top of the chassis.<ref name="atpwr80" />


=== Power budget ===
=== Power budget ===


Maximum load per Micro Channel connector is 1.6 A at +5 V on a 16-bit slot and 2.0 A at +5 V on a 32-bit slot, with 0.175 A at +12 V and 0.040 A at &minus;12 V on both; an internal fixed disk may draw 1.5 A at +5 V and 2.5 A at +12 V per supply connector.<ref name="m80tr" /> IBM's figures for the original fixed disks are 31–39 W for the 44 MB, 70 MB and 115 MB drives, 35–42 W for the 314 MB, and 13–19 W for a 3.5-inch SCSI drive. Assume roughly 7–13 W per IBM adapter. A fully populated tower on a 225 W supply has less headroom than the number suggests.<ref name="atpwr80" />
Each 16-bit Micro Channel connector may draw 1.6 A at +5 V and each 32-bit connector 2.0 A, plus 0.175 A at +12 V and 0.040 A at −12 V; each fixed-disk power connector is rated at 1.5 A at +5 V and 2.5 A at +12 V.<ref name="m80tr" /> Fred Spencer's figures for the original drives are 31-39 W each for the 44, 70 and 115 MB drives, 35-42 W for the 314 MB, and 13-19 W for a 3.5-inch SCSI drive; citing IBM's ''Personal System/2 Reference Guide'', he gives 7-10 W for an IBM 16-bit adapter and 7-13 W for a 32-bit one.<ref name="atpwr80" />


== Battery and Real-Time Clock ==
== Battery and real-time clock ==


'''The Model 80 does not use a Dallas RTC module.''' The clock is a '''Motorola MC146818A''' soldered to the planar — U187 on the Type 1, U186 on the Type 2, U132 on the Type 3 — with a 32.768 kHz crystal beside it, and the battery is a '''separate 6 V two-cell lithium pack''' in the battery/speaker assembly.<ref name="at8580t1">[https://www.ardent-tool.com/8580/Planar_T1.html 8580 Type 1 Planar], Ardent Tool of Capitalism. Component-designator map for the 16 MHz planar (FRU 33F8416): J1/J2/J4 32-bit Micro Channel slots with Matched Memory Extension, J3/J5/J7/J8 16-bit slots, J6 16-bit slot with auxiliary video extension, J15 and J16 memory-expansion connectors, J18 battery/speaker connector, U72 72X8287ESD VGA controller with eight OKI M41464-12 64 K × 4 video DRAMs, U187 Motorola MC146818A RTC and U186 2 K × 8 configuration SRAM.</ref><ref name="at8580t2">[https://www.ardent-tool.com/8580/Planar_T2.html 8580 Type 2 Planar], Ardent Tool of Capitalism. Component-designator map for the 20 MHz planar (FRU 33F8506 / 92F0756 / 92F0767, P/N 90X7390): the same slot arrangement as the Type 1, J15 and J16 memory-expansion connectors, J18 battery/speaker connector, U87 72X8287 VGA with eight TI TMS4464FML-12 video DRAMs, U131 Intel 386DX-20, U186 MC146818A RTC and U146 configuration SRAM. Also links IBM's Model 80 planar schematics.</ref><ref name="at8580t3">[https://www.ardent-tool.com/8580/Planar_T3.html 8580 Type 3 Planar], Ardent Tool of Capitalism. Component-designator map for the 25 MHz planar (FRU 34F0022 / 85F0046): J10–J13 32-bit slots with Matched Memory Extension, J6/J7 16-bit slots with auxiliary video extension, J14/J15 16-bit slots, J8 and J9 memory-expansion connectors, J19 battery/speaker connector, F2/F3/F4 1 A, 1.5 A and 2.0 A fuses, U54 Intel 82385-25 cache controller with eight Mitsubishi M5M5178P-33 8 K × 8 SRAMs, U96 80386DX-25 and U132 MC146818AFN RTC. Also carries the full text of IBM ECA 051.</ref>
The clock is a Motorola MC146818A on the system board: U187 on the 16 MHz board, U186 on the 20 MHz board and U132 on the 25 MHz board, with a 32.768 kHz crystal.<ref name="at8580t1">[https://www.ardent-tool.com/8580/Planar_T1.html "8580 Type 1 Planar"], Ardent Tool of Capitalism. 16 MHz planar: J15, J16 memory connectors; J18 battery/speaker connector; U186 2 K × 8 SRAM; U187 MC146818A; U188 8042.</ref><ref name="at8580t2">[https://www.ardent-tool.com/8580/Planar_T2.html "8580 Type 2 Planar"], Ardent Tool of Capitalism. 20 MHz planar: J15, J16 memory connectors; J18 battery/speaker connector; U146 2 K × 8 SRAM; U186 MC146818A; Y1 32.768 kHz crystal.</ref><ref name="at8580t3">[https://www.ardent-tool.com/8580/Planar_T3.html "8580 Type 3 Planar"], Ardent Tool of Capitalism. 25 MHz planar: J8, J9 memory connectors; J19 battery/speaker connector; U132 MC146818AFN; U152 8 K × 8 SRAM; fuses F2, F3, F4; the text of ECA 051.</ref> It holds 64 bytes of CMOS RAM (50 for configuration and security, 14 for the clock), and a separate 2 KB CMOS RAM extension holds more configuration data; the battery keeps both when the machine is off.<ref name="hmr80" /> The battery is a 6 V two-cell lithium pack, FRU 72X8498, in the battery/speaker assembly (FRU 33F5950 with its cable, 72X8511 without).<ref name="hms80" /> The pack is sold as a camera battery: CR-P2, Duracell DL223A, Ever Ready EL223AP, Kodak K223LA or Ray-O-Vac PC223.<ref name="atbattx">[https://www.ardent-tool.com/misc/batteries.html "PS/2 Batteries"], Ardent Tool of Capitalism, based on content by Bob Eager and Peter H. Wendt. The Model 80 takes the 6 V pack 72X8498 and its camera-battery equivalents; a weak battery loses all the setup.</ref> On the Model 80 the assembly slides out towards the open side of the case.<ref name="atbatt">[https://www.ardent-tool.com/misc/Battery_Speaker_Assembly.html "Battery/Speaker Assembly"], Ardent Tool of Capitalism. Battery/speaker assembly FRUs, battery orientation (contacts to the rear), clearing the power-on password, removal on the Models 60, 65 SX and 80, connector pinouts.</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:100%;"
|+'''Battery and speaker parts'''
! style="text-align:left;" | Item !! style="text-align:left;" | FRU
|-
| Battery/speaker assembly || 33F5950
|-
| Battery || 72X8498 — 6 V two-cell lithium pack
|-
| Speaker cable || 72X8558
|}


The pack is a standard camera battery: CR-P2, also sold as Duracell DL223A, Ever Ready EL223AP, Kodak K223LA and Ray-O-Vac PC223. Its contacts face the rear of the assembly, where they press against the spring clips.<ref name="atbatt">[https://www.ardent-tool.com/misc/Battery_Speaker_Assembly.html Battery/Speaker Assembly], Ardent Tool of Capitalism. Source for the assembly FRU 33F5950, the battery FRU 72X8498, both connector pinouts (speaker data, ground, +6 V battery, Clear POP) and the power-on-password clearing procedure for Models 50, 50 Z, 60, 65 SX, 70 and 80.</ref><ref name="atbattx">[https://www.ardent-tool.com/misc/batteries.html PS/2 Batteries], Ardent Tool of Capitalism, based on content by Bob Eager and Peter H. Wendt. Cross-reference of PS/2 models to battery types: the Model 70 and the Model 80 both take FRU 72X8498, a 6 V two-cell lithium pack equivalent to a CR-P2 / DL223A / EL223AP / K223LA / PC223 camera battery.</ref>
Take the battery out of the assembly before unplugging the assembly's cable, and plug the cable in before refitting the battery, so the pack is not accidentally discharged.<ref name="hmr80" />


=== Checking the battery ===
=== Checking the battery ===


IBM retain tip H024809 gives the numeric threshold. Intermittent 161, 162 and 163 errors can come from a low battery '''or''' from a faulty battery/speaker assembly:<ref name="atcommon80" />
IBM retain tip H024809 names a low battery or a faulty battery/speaker assembly as causes of intermittent 161, 162 and 163 errors. Take the battery out of the assembly (a reading taken in place is not accurate), set the meter to a 12 V DC range, and replace the pack if it reads below 5.5 V.<ref name="atcommon80" />
 
# Turn off the system.
# '''Remove the battery from the assembly''' before measuring — measuring it in situ gives a false reading.
# Set the meter to a 12 V DC range.
# Replace the pack if it reads below '''5.5 V'''.


A clock that does not advance while CMOS contents survive is the classic early warning: as the pack's voltage falls, the RTC's 32 kHz oscillator stops before the CMOS RAM loses its contents. Expect 161 and 163 shortly after.<ref name="atcommon80" />
A clock that stands still after long power-offs while the configuration survives is an early sign of a failing pack. Alfred Arnold's explanation on Ardent Tool: as the voltage falls, the RTC's 32 kHz oscillator stops first, while the CMOS RAM still holds, and 161 and 163 errors follow.<ref name="atcommon80" /> After a 161 and 163, Peter Wendt notes that the first load of the Reference Diskette can take up to 90 seconds, and that on older Model 80 BIOS levels pressing F1 may be needed to force the load.<ref name="at8580c">[https://www.ardent-tool.com/8580/Common.html "8580 Common Devices"], Ardent Tool of Capitalism. Dust on the diskette controller, retain tip H104756 (draining CMOS), Peter Wendt's 161/163 notes, memory error procedures and memory activation, Peter Wendt's summary of ECAs 008 to 069, retain tip H006554 (intermittent 110), Linux DMA above 16 MB, the 64 MB configuration limit, retain tip H125078 (no SCSI-2 Fast/Wide support), retain tip H021673 (base frames).</ref>


On the Model 80 the assembly is removed by sliding it towards the open side of the case.<ref name="atbatt" />
When the configuration has been lost, restore it from the user's backup Reference Diskette if the machine had custom settings, or run Automatic Configuration if it used the defaults.<ref name="hmr80" />


=== Draining CMOS deliberately ===
=== Draining CMOS ===


The field procedure is to remove the battery and wait for CMOS to drain, which can take hours. IBM retain tip H104756 gives a faster route: '''disconnect the battery''', then with a meter lead connected to frame ground — the power-supply case will do — drag the lead carefully around each pin of the two configuration modules. This drains CMOS immediately. Reconnect the battery afterwards.<ref name="at8580c">[https://www.ardent-tool.com/8580/Common.html 8580 Common Devices], Ardent Tool of Capitalism. Source for Fred Spencer's submodel table (processor speed, disk interface and capacity, and the 32-bit/16-bit/AVE slot split for every 8580), IBM retain tip H104756 on draining CMOS by grounding the configuration modules, the memory-error codes and memory activation/deactivation behaviour, Peter Wendt's summary of Model 80 ECAs 008, 011, 031, 035, 040, 048, 051 and 069, retain tip H006554 on intermittent 110 parity errors, the 64 MB configuration limit, and retain tip H021673 on the two non-interchangeable base frame assemblies.</ref>
Removing the battery and waiting for CMOS to drain can take hours. IBM retain tip H104756 gives a faster way: disconnect the battery, then with a meter lead connected to frame ground (the supply case will do) drag the lead round every pin of the two CMOS modules. Reconnect the battery afterwards.<ref name="at8580c" />


{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:100%;"
{| class="wikitable styled-table" style="width:70%;"
|+'''CMOS module positions'''
|+'''CMOS module positions (retain tip H104756)'''
! style="text-align:left;" | Models !! style="text-align:left;" | Positions
! style="text-align:left;" | Models !! style="text-align:left;" | Positions
|-
|-
Line 168: Line 113:
=== Clearing a power-on password ===
=== Clearing a power-on password ===


The battery/speaker assembly carries the Clear POP line.<ref name="atbatt" />
# Switch off and unplug the mains lead.
# If the battery/speaker assembly has pins, short pins 2 and 3 together. If it has none, put a meter lead into connector 1 and hold the other end on frame ground.
# Switch on with the short in place and keep it there until POST has finished. This removes the password.
# To set a new one, start from the Reference Diskette and use Set Features.


# Power off and unplug the mains lead.
<ref name="hmr80" /><ref name="hms80" />
# If the assembly has pins, short pins 2 and 3 together. If it does not, put a meter lead into connector position 1 and short the other end to frame ground.
# With the short in place, power on. This erases the power-on password. Remove the short once POST has finished.


== Dust — The Most Underrated Maintenance Job ==
== Dust under the supply fan ==


The supply's fan sits directly over a sensitive part of the planar and draws household dust onto it. That dust is often conductive, and current leaking between IC pins produces '''lost configuration, a clock showing nonsense after a long power-off, and disk read/write errors''' — exactly the symptoms people blame on a battery or a drive. On a Model 80 board the ICs under the fan are the 8042 keyboard controller, the MC146818A, the diskette controller, the NS16550 UART, the RTC crystal and sometimes an 8259A.<ref name="atcommon80" />
The supply fan sits over a part of the system board that holds the 8042 keyboard controller, the MC146818A, the diskette controller, the NS16550 UART, the RTC crystal and sometimes an 8259A. Peter Wendt reports that household dust drawn in by the fan is often conductive, and that it causes lost configuration, a clock showing wrong values after long power-offs, and diskette or disk read/write errors that a new battery does not cure.<ref name="atcommon80" /><ref name="at8580c" />


Strip the machine, blow the supply out with a compressor and a fine nozzle somewhere you do not mind making filthy, then brush and vacuum the board and check between the IC pins. Reassemble, boot the Reference Diskette, and reset the date, time and configuration.<ref name="atcommon80" />
# Strip the machine and blow the dust out of the supply with a compressor and a fine nozzle, somewhere that can get dirty.
# Brush and vacuum the system board, looking for dust packed between IC pins.
# Clean the diskette-controller area with a cotton bud and isopropyl alcohol.
# Reassemble, start from the Reference Diskette, and set the date, time and configuration again.


The diskette controller in particular accumulates dirt under the fan and produces 6xx errors that look exactly like a dead drive. Clean it with a cotton bud and alcohol before condemning a drive.<ref name="atfdd">[https://www.ardent-tool.com/floppy/8580.html 8580 Diskette Drives], Ardent Tool of Capitalism, content by Fred Spencer and Al Savage. Source for the PS/2 diskette-drive part numbers (P/N 90X6766, FRU 72X8523 card-edge; FRU 64F0162 pin-interface), for Al Savage's teardown of a Mitsubishi MF355W-99M3 identifying five failed surface-mount electrolytics — two 22 µF/16 V, one 1 µF/50 V and two 0.22 µF/50 V — for the diskette-controller dirt problem under the power-supply fan, and for Peter Wendt's list of mechanical causes of a 162 at POST.</ref>
<ref name="atcommon80" /><ref name="at8580c" />


== Micro Channel Adapters ==
== Micro Channel adapters ==


Every Micro Channel card carries an ID that the Reference Diskette matches to an Adapter Description File, from which it allocates interrupts, DMA channels and addresses. After changing any card:<ref name="at8580c" />
The stored configuration depends on which slot each adapter is in. Refit a replacement adapter in the same slot; if it goes elsewhere, run Set Configuration from the Reference Diskette.<ref name="hmr80" /> After adding a card, start from the Reference Diskette with it in the drive at power-on, copy the card's option diskette so its adapter description file is available, and run Automatic Configuration.<ref name="aterr">[https://www.ardent-tool.com/trouble/ps2error.html "PS/2 Error Codes"], Ardent Tool of Capitalism. Beep codes, error format, the Reference Diskette cold-boot note, the multiple-error rule and the dead-system procedure.</ref>


# Boot the Reference Diskette from a cold start, with the diskette in the drive at power-on.
Two limits from Ardent Tool: the 8580's Set Configuration program handles only 64 MB of memory, and the IBM SCSI-2 Fast/Wide adapter is not supported by the 8570 and 8580 BIOS (retain tip H125078).<ref name="at8580c" />
# Select Set Configuration, then Run Automatic Configuration.
# Supply the option diskette when prompted so the ADF can be copied onto the working Reference Diskette.
# Save and restart.


Clean the card edge fingers and the slot contacts before reseating anything.
== Memory ==


Two limits worth knowing:
System-board memory is on IBM memory cards in two connectors, J15 and J16 on the 16 MHz and 20 MHz boards and J8 and J9 on the 25 MHz board. They are not SIMM sockets. IBM gives the board capacity as 1 or 2 MB on the 16 MHz board, 2 or 4 MB on the 20 MHz board and 4 or 8 MB on the 25 MHz board, and the system total as 16 MB with 80386 memory expansion adapters in the 32-bit slots.<ref name="m80tr" /><ref name="hmr80" /> Run Set Configuration whenever memory is added or removed.<ref name="hmr80" />
 
* '''The 8580's SC.EXE supports 64 MB.''' Two 64 MB memory cards will not work.<ref name="at8580c" />
* '''The IBM SCSI-2 Fast/Wide adapter is not supported''' on the 8570 or 8580 — the BIOS on these earlier 32-bit systems does not handle it.<ref name="at8580c" />
 
== Memory ==


The 8580's planar memory sits on IBM's own memory cards in two connectors — J15 and J16 on the 16/20 MHz planars, J8 and J9 on the 25 MHz. '''These are not 72-pin SIMM sockets.''' The board maximum is 4 MB on the 16 and 20 MHz planars and 8 MB on the 25 MHz planar; beyond that, memory goes on Micro Channel adapters to a system ceiling of 16 MB.<ref name="at8580mem">[https://www.ardent-tool.com/8580/Memory.html 8580 Planar Memory], Ardent Tool of Capitalism. Catalogue of the IBM planar memory cards used in the 8580's two on-board memory-expansion connectors, with part numbers, DRAM complements and the connector pinout. These cards are specific to the Model 80 and are not 72-pin SIMMs.</ref><ref name="qref80" /><ref name="at8580t3" />
IBM's procedures for the memory codes:<ref name="hms80" />


Memory error codes and their actions:<ref name="at8580c" />
* 00011000, system-board parity check: if two kits are fitted, remove the one in J15 (or J8). If the error goes, replace that kit; if not, replace the kit in J16 (or J9); if that fails, replace the system board.
* 00011100, memory-adapter parity check: remove memory adapters one at a time until the error goes, then refit the kits on the last adapter removed one at a time until it returns, and replace that kit, then the adapter.
* 00021500: the kit in J15 (or J8), then the system board.
* 00021600 or 00022100: the kit in J16 (or J9), then the system board.


* '''00011000''' — system-board parity check. Remove the card in J15 or J8; if the problem goes, replace that card. If not, try the one in J16 or J9. If neither, replace the system board.
Advanced Diagnostics loads into the first 256 KB and cannot stress-test that area, so for an intermittent 110 parity error that the diagnostics do not find, IBM retain tip H006554 says to swap the two cards and run the memory test again.<ref name="at8580c" /> If POST finds an error in the first 512 KB it disables the first 1 MB block and moves its addresses to a second block if there is one; errors beyond the first megabyte are reported, and the customer diagnostics on the Reference Diskette disable the failing 1 MB block.<ref name="hmr80" />
* '''00011100''' — memory-adapter parity check. Remove adapters one at a time until the error clears.
* '''00021500''' — the card in J15 or J8 has failed.
* '''00021600''' or '''00022100''' — the card in J16 or J9 has failed.
* '''Intermittent 110''' — Advanced Diagnostics loads into the first 256 KB and cannot stress-test it. Swap the two cards and re-run the memory test (IBM retain tip H006554).


The Model 80 deactivates memory in 1 MB blocks. If POST finds an error in the first 512 KB and a second 1 MB block is installed, the addresses are reassigned to it; past the first two blocks, an error code is displayed instead. After the first megabyte, a faulty block is not deactivated automatically — the customer diagnostics on the Reference Diskette do that and reassign the addresses, after which POST ignores it.<ref name="at8580c" />
Ardent Tool records that the 8580 limits DMA to the first 16 MB, and that under Linux with more than 16 MB fitted the ibmmca SCSI driver needed its unchecked_isa_dma flag set.<ref name="at8580c" />


Linux users: the 8580 restricts DMA to the lower 16 MB. With more than 16 MB fitted, the ibmmca SCSI driver needs its unchecked_isa_dma flag set.<ref name="at8580c" />
== Math coprocessor ==


== Diskette Drive ==
The Model 80 takes an 80387 at the processor's speed: FRU 72X6673 (16 MHz), 90X7393 (20 MHz) or 15F7661 (25 MHz). IBM warns that the wrong coprocessor can cause intermittent errors.<ref name="hms80" /><ref name="hmr80" /> The bevelled corner faces the bottom and rear of the system on the -041 and -071, the bottom and front on the 20 MHz models, and the top and rear on the 25 MHz models.<ref name="hmr80" />


The 25 MHz -Axx machines use the 34-pin style drive; every earlier model uses the card-edge style, P/N 90X6766 with FRU 72X8523. All take power through the interface with no separate power connector. 2.88 MB drives were released for later PS/2 systems and should not be fitted here. The two interfaces are not interchangeable — there are electrical differences that could damage the planar.<ref name="atfdd" />
== Diskette drive ==


* '''There is no drive belt.''' Mitsubishi's specification for the MF355C states a DC brushless direct-drive motor coupled straight to the spindle at 300 rpm. Any maintenance list calling for a replacement belt for this drive is wrong.<ref name="mf355c">Mitsubishi Electric, ''3.5-inch Diskette Drive MF355C Specifications'', UGD-0527A, February 1987 — hosted on this wiki as [[:File:Mitsubishi MF355C 3.5 inch Diskette Drive Specifications (UGD-0527A, Feb 1987).pdf]]. The drive uses a DC brushless, direct-drive motor coupled straight to the spindle at 300 rpm. There is no belt in this drive.</ref>
The drives take their power through the interface and have no separate power connector. The -Axx machines use a pin-connector drive and the earlier models a card-edge drive. Fred Spencer ran pin-style drives on a 20 MHz board, but Ardent Tool reports electrical differences that could damage the board.<ref name="atfdd">[https://www.ardent-tool.com/floppy/8580.html "8580 Diskette Drives"], Ardent Tool of Capitalism, content by Fred Spencer and Al Savage. Card-edge and pin-style drives, dirt on the diskette controller, Peter Wendt on the causes of a 162 at POST and his grease recommendation, and Al Savage's capacitor replacement on a Mitsubishi MF355W-99M3.</ref> IBM's 1990 parts list gives FRU 72X8523 for the half-height 1.44 MB drive and 33F8211 for the one-third-height drive.<ref name="hms80" />
* '''162 at POST with the drive dead.''' During POST the heads are driven off track 0 and back within a fixed window. A sticking head carriage, a dirty track-0 photo-sensor or a detached head damper misses it. ALPS drives have a much higher error rate than the Mitsubishi drives and lose the damper pad glued to the head assembly; the Mitsubishi 355 collects dirt around the read/write head actuator spindle. Recommended lubricant for the head guides and servo spindle is a light ball-gear grease.<ref name="atfdd" /><ref name="atcommon80" />
* '''6xx errors''' — failed surface-mount electrolytics on the drive's logic board, or dirt on the planar's diskette controller. See [[IBM PS/2 Model 80 Capacitor Replacement Guide]].<ref name="atcommon80" />
* '''After a 161 / 163, be patient.''' The first load of the Reference Diskette can take up to 90 seconds because the BIOS falls back to its lowest transfer rate while it works out what drive is fitted. If it seems to hang, press F1 to force the load; the earlier Model 80 BIOS does not always auto-load even a valid Reference Diskette.<ref name="at8580c" />
* Both drive types lack a dust shield over the slot when empty. Keep the flap closed.<ref name="atcommon80" />


== Fixed Disks ==
* The drives are direct drive and have no belt. Mitsubishi's MF355C specification, for example, describes a DC brushless motor driving the spindle at 300 rpm.<ref name="mf355c">Mitsubishi Electric, ''3.5-inch Diskette Drive MF355C Specifications'', UGD-0527A, February 1987. Hosted on this wiki as [[:File:Mitsubishi MF355C 3.5 inch Diskette Drive Specifications (UGD-0527A, Feb 1987).pdf]]. DC brushless direct-drive spindle motor, 300 rpm.</ref>
* Peter Wendt's causes of a 162 with the drive dead at POST: POST moves the heads out from track 0 and back within a fixed time, and a sticking head carriage (hardened grease or dirt on the guides), a dirty track-0 sensor or a head damper pad that has come unstuck makes it miss. He found the ALPS drives more troublesome than the Mitsubishi, with the damper pad the usual fault on older ALPS drives, and dirt round the head actuator spindle the usual fault on the Mitsubishi 355. He recommends Tamiya ball-gear grease for the head guides and servo spindle.<ref name="atfdd" /><ref name="atcommon80" />
* 6xx errors come from failed surface-mount electrolytics on the drive's logic board or from dirt on the system board's diskette controller; see [[IBM PS/2 Model 80 Capacitor Replacement Guide]].<ref name="atfdd" /><ref name="atcommon80" />


The 8580's drives are conventional ST-506, ESDI or SCSI units on adapter cards, with their own cabling and 4-pin power leads.<ref name="qref80" />
== Fixed disks ==


* '''1780 on a -041''' — IBM retain tip H064300: verify the fixed disk cables are installed properly before anything else.<ref name="atcommon80" />
The 44 MB drive is ST-506, the 70, 115 and 314 MB drives ESDI, and the later drives SCSI, each on its own adapter card with 4-pin power leads. The drives park their heads at power-off, and IBM warns that careless shipping or handling can destroy the data and formatting, so back the drive up before moving the machine.<ref name="hmr80" /> IBM's removal notes say the drive in the rear bay must have its terminator fitted (on a two-drive rear bracket, the drive nearest the system board), and the drive in the front bay must have its terminator removed.<ref name="hmr80" />
* '''A 314 MB drive on a -311 that will not come ready''' — IBM ECA 040 attributes this to a fault in the drive logic board.<ref name="at8580c" />
* '''Will not spin up after long storage''' — stiction. Unplug, shake the unit vertically, rotate it sharply a few times and try again. Whatever frees it, image the contents immediately.<ref name="atstiction">[https://www.ardent-tool.com/trouble/Problems.html Known Problems — Experience, RETAIN Tips, ECAs], Ardent Tool of Capitalism. Source for Peter Wendt's account of hard-disk stiction and the recovery options.</ref>
* '''104xx codes''' — 010455 and 010456 are controller errors, 010462 a controller seek error, 010464 a drive read error and 010454 a sector-buffer test error.<ref name="aterr">[https://www.ardent-tool.com/trouble/ps2error.html PS/2 Error Codes] and the linked code tables [https://www.ardent-tool.com/trouble/error_02.html 160–199], [https://www.ardent-tool.com/trouble/error_04.html 300–999] and [https://www.ardent-tool.com/trouble/error_08.html 10000–11999], Ardent Tool of Capitalism. Secondary source; the tables reproduce IBM's own symptom-to-FRU lists.</ref>


== Engineering Changes ==
* 1780 on an 8580-041: IBM retain tip H064300 says to check that the fixed-disk cables are installed correctly.<ref name="atcommon80" />
* A second 314 MB drive in a -311 that will not come ready: ECA 040, a fault in the drive logic board.<ref name="at8580c" />
* ESDI codes 010450XX, 010451XX and 010490XX-010499XX: run Advanced Diagnostics, then change the drive and the system board; 010454XX is a sector-buffer test error, 010455XX and 010456XX controller errors, 010462XX a controller seek error and 010464XX a drive read error.<ref name="hmm" />
* A drive that will not spin up after long storage: Peter Wendt's method for stiction is to unplug the system unit, shake it up and down a few times, turn it sharply clockwise a few times and switch on. Do not drop the front of the unit on the desk. Copy the data off as soon as the drive runs.<ref name="atstiction">[https://www.ardent-tool.com/trouble/Problems.html "Known Problems – Experience, RETAIN Tips, ECAs"], Ardent Tool of Capitalism. Peter Wendt on hard-disk stiction.</ref>


Eight ECAs are documented for the 8580. Two are worth checking on any machine you acquire:<ref name="at8580c" /><ref name="at8580t3" />
== Engineering changes ==


* '''ECA 031 and ECA 048 — bus mastering.''' Early planars (FRU 90X7390 below EC C00835, and FRU 33F8415) have a general problem with bus-master adapters, usually seen as a 110 parity error. ECA 048 names the IBM Wizard, Portmaster and XGA, the BICC Isolan, ComTech Channel/2, Metacomp Psconnect, Northern Telecom LanStar/MC, Proteon P1840, Racore 4x16 and Yarc Micro785+ among the affected cards.
The ECA list is on the [[IBM PS/2 Model 80#Engineering changes|Model 80 page]]. Two are worth checking on any machine:<ref name="at8580c" /><ref name="at8580t3" />
* '''ECA 051 — 25 MHz memory parity.''' On an -A16, -A21 or -A31 with 8 MB on the planar showing intermittent OS/2 Trap 0002 or NMI errors, examine the modules at '''U24 and U34''', near memory connectors J8 and J9. If either is marked '''FCT841''' the board qualifies for replacement. Any other marking — F841, 841D, 72F841, 72F841D — is good. '''Ignore anything printed on the board near the module; only the marking on the module itself counts.'''


The others are ECA 008 (speaker noise on early -111 and -311 with an 80387 fitted), ECA 011 (386/387 conflict on some -111 and -311 boards), ECA 035 (down-level 8514/A adapters), ECA 040 (314 MB drive not coming ready) and ECA 069 (162 with 601 caused by down-level diskette drives across the early PS/2 range).<ref name="at8580c" />
* ECA 031 and ECA 048: early 20 MHz boards (planar FRU 90X7390 below EC C00835, and FRU 33F8415) have trouble with bus-master adapters, usually seen as a 110 parity error. ECA 048 names the IBM Wizard, Portmaster and XGA, BICC Isolan, ComTech Channel/2, Metacomp Psconnect, Northern Telecom LanStar/MC, Proteon P1840, Racore 4x16 and Yarc Micro785+.
* ECA 051: on an -A16, -A21 or -A31 with 8 MB on the system board and intermittent OS/2 Trap 0002 or NMI errors, look at the modules at U24 and U34, near J8 and J9. If either is marked FCT841 the board qualifies for replacement; other markings such as F841, 841D, 72F841 and 72F841D are good. Read the marking on the module itself, not the print on the board beside it.


== Self-Inflicted Faults ==
== Mistakes to avoid ==


* '''Pulling the battery header out of the planar while removing the front bezel.''' Your configuration goes with it. Lift the assembly out by its frame and put it down inside the case.<ref name="atcommon80" />
* Pulling the battery lead off the system board while taking the front bezel off. The configuration goes with it.<ref name="atcommon80" />
* '''Fitting a second VGA-driving adapter.''' Some non-IBM graphics adapters drive the VGA signals rather than receiving them. With the on-board VGA present, fitting two such adapters will damage both.<ref name="atcommon80" />
* Fitting a second adapter that drives the VGA signals. IBM warns that some non-IBM graphics adapters drive the VGA signals instead of receiving them, and two such adapters damage each other.<ref name="hmr80" />
* '''Swapping a base frame assembly between models.''' FRU 64F0157 (the -041 through -321) has a metal back plane needed for EMC and should not be removed; FRU 64F0158 (the 25 MHz machines) has none, because that planar has components on its solder side. They are not interchangeable.<ref name="at8580c" />
* Swapping base frames between models. Retain tip H021673: FRU 64F0157 (the -041 to -321) has a metal back plane needed for EMC that must not be removed; FRU 64F0158 (the 25 MHz models) has none, because that board has components on its solder side.<ref name="at8580c" />
* '''Fitting a 34-pin diskette drive to a 20 MHz planar.''' It has been done, but there are reported electrical differences that could damage the planar.<ref name="atfdd" />
* Fitting a pin-style diskette drive to a 16 MHz or 20 MHz board.<ref name="atfdd" />


== Recommended Tools ==
== Tools ==


* A coin or large flat blade for the captive cover screws — the case itself needs no screwdriver.
* A volt-ohm meter (IBM names one "similar to the Triplett Model 310") and the Tri-Connector wrap plug 72X8546 for the port diagnostics.<ref name="hmr80" />
* '''Security Torx''' for the power-supply shell.
* A coin or large flat blade for the cover screws.
* Anti-static strap connected to chassis ground.
* A security Torx bit for the supply case screws.<ref name="atpsufix" />
* Digital multimeter, and an ESR meter if you intend to work on drive logic boards.
* A compressor with a fine nozzle, a soft brush, a vacuum cleaner, cotton buds and isopropyl alcohol.
* A compressor with a fine nozzle, a soft brush and a vacuum cleaner. On this machine that is a repair tool, not a cosmetic one.
* The Model 70/80 Reference Diskette and the option diskettes for every adapter.
* Isopropyl alcohol and cotton buds for the diskette controller area.
* A CR-P2 type 6 V lithium pack.
* Reference Diskette and the option diskettes for every fitted adapter.
* An anti-static wrist strap.
* A CR-P2 / 72X8498 6 V lithium pack.
* Fine-tipped soldering iron and wick for drive logic board work.


See also [[Recommended Tools]].
See also [[Recommended Tools]].


== Related Pages ==
== Related pages ==


* [[IBM PS/2 Model 80]]
* [[IBM PS/2 Model 80]]
* [[IBM PS/2 Model 80 Troubleshooting Guide]]
* [[IBM PS/2 Model 80 Troubleshooting Guide]]
* [[IBM PS/2 Model 80 Capacitor Replacement Guide]]
* [[IBM PS/2 Model 80 Capacitor Replacement Guide]]
* [[IBM PS/2 Model 60 Maintenance Guide]] — same tower chassis
* [[IBM PS/2 Model 60 Maintenance Guide]] (same case)
* [[IBM PS/2 Model 70 Maintenance Guide]] — the desktop sibling
* [[IBM PS/2 Model 70 Maintenance Guide]]
* [[Battery Refurbishment]]
* [[Battery Refurbishment]]
* [[Floppy Drive Repair]]
* [[Floppy Drive Repair]]
* [[Hard Drive Maintenance and Repair]]
* [[Hard Drive Maintenance and Repair]]
* [[Recommended Tools]]


== References ==
== References ==

Latest revision as of 21:37, 30 September 2026

IBM PS/2 Model 80 (8580) system unit.

Routine maintenance on the IBM PS/2 Model 80 (machine type 8580) covers all three system boards: the 16 MHz and 20 MHz boards of 1987 and the 25 MHz board of 1990. The Model 80 uses the same tower case, side cover, front bezel, drive support structure and battery/speaker assembly as the IBM PS/2 Model 60 and Model 65 SX, and the same supply form factor and pinout.[1][2]

Safety

[edit | edit source]

The supply rectifies the mains and its reservoir capacitors hold a charge after the machine is unplugged. In the 225 W supply P/N 72X6665 there are two, C5 and C6, each 1000 µF 200 V, connected in series with a chain of 220 kΩ balancing resistors across each.[3] Other makes of supply with the same IBM numbers are built differently.[4] Unplug the machine before opening the case, and measure both capacitors before touching the primary side of an opened supply.

IBM gives the system unit's weight as up to 26 kg with options and says to service it standing upright; it can be laid on its side, without the cover, once the feet are folded in.[5] IBM's lithium battery caution: do not recharge the pack, take it apart, heat it above 100 °C, burn it or expose the cell contents to water; replace it only with part 72X8498 or an equivalent.[5]

There is no CRT in the system unit. IBM's displays have their own tube and supply; see CRT Discharge Procedure.

Opening the system unit

[edit | edit source]

The side cover is held by two large captive screws.[1]

  1. Switch off and unplug the mains lead and all cables.
  2. Turn the two large screws on the side cover anticlockwise with a coin or large flat blade until they are loose. They stay in the cover.
  3. Swing the cover out on its bottom hinges until the top edge clears the case, then lift it up and out.

The cover lock is on the left side of the system unit. If the keys are lost, IBM's procedure is to order a new cover-lock assembly, which comes with two keys, and force the old lock with one of the new keys and a pair of pliers.[5] Tony Ingenoso's method, on Ardent Tool, needs no new lock if the bottom slot is empty: turn the machine upside down, take off the front bezel, loosen the slot retainer, push the bottom slot cover into the case, and with a torch find the front and rear retaining tabs on the bottom of the side cover. Lever them down with a long thin screwdriver, from the rear through the slot opening and from the front through one of the bezel holes, shimming the first tab so it does not spring back. Ardent Tool's measurements from an 8580: the front tab is 2.8 inches from the front corner and the rear tab 3.6 inches from the back, both 1.5 inches in and about 0.25 inch deep, for anyone who drills small access holes instead.[1]

Removing the front bezel

[edit | edit source]
  1. Open the side cover.
  2. At the bottom front corner, pull the battery/speaker assembly out horizontally by its frame and lay it in the bottom of the case. Do not pull the battery lead off the system board, or the configuration is lost.
  3. Press the white plastic catch below the grille down and towards the front. The second catch is behind the black foam round the grille; feel for the inner edge of the foam and push that catch down and forwards too.
  4. With both catches pushed level with the case, pull the bottom edge of the bezel away. A third catch sits to the right of the power switch.

[1]

Power supply checks

[edit | edit source]

The supply connects to the system board through a 15-pin connector and to the fixed-disk positions through two 4-pin connectors. It has three DC outputs, +5 V, +12 V and −12 V; there is no −5 V rail.[6][7]

15-pin system board power connector
Pins Signal
1, 4, 7, 10, 13 +5 V DC
2, 5, 6, 8, 11, 14 Ground
3 +12 V DC
9 −12 V DC
12 Power Good
15 System Status (fixed-disk activity light)

[6][8]

IBM's test is made with the black lead on pin 2. Unplug the 15-pin connector from the system board before measuring at a drive connector. If any voltage is outside these limits, or the supply fan is not running, IBM replaces the supply.[9][2]

Models 60, 65 and 80: IBM supply test voltages
Leads Rail Minimum Maximum
Pin 2 to pin 9 −12 V −9.0 V −15.0 V
Pin 2 to pin 3 +12 V +9.0 V +15.0 V
Pin 2 to pin 1 +5 V +3.7 V +6.2 V
Drive connector B to D +5 V +3.7 V +6.2 V
Drive connector C to A +12 V +9.0 V +15.0 V

These limits only decide whether IBM changes the supply. The supply raises Power Good, which lights the green lamp on the front, only when +5 V is above 4.5 V, +12 V above 10.8 V and −12 V beyond −10.2 V. The 1987 technical reference adds that Power Good comes up 100 to 500 ms after +5 V reaches its sense level and stays up for at least 10 ms after the mains is removed.[5][6] A machine that runs with the green lamp off has a supply that is not meeting those levels.

The supply protects itself. A short between any two outputs, or from an output to DC return, latches every output off without damage, and an internal over-voltage fault latches them off before any output passes 130 % of nominal. The supply restarts only when the fault is gone and the switch has been off for a while: at least one second in the 1987 technical reference, ten seconds in the 1990 edition.[6][7] A tower that clicks off and will not restart at once may simply be latched. The supply restarts by itself after a mains failure.[6]

Before opening the supply of a dead machine, check the power switch. Peter Wendt reports that about half the failed Model 80 supplies he dealt with had a broken switch, the red ones more often than the white; the same switch was used in IBM 327x and 525x terminals and was available as a spare.[8]

To remove the supply, take the rear drive carrier out of the drive support structure, unplug the 4-pin drive power leads and the system board power plug, remove the three screws holding the supply, and pull it out.[8]

Power budget

[edit | edit source]

Each 16-bit Micro Channel connector may draw 1.6 A at +5 V and each 32-bit connector 2.0 A, plus 0.175 A at +12 V and 0.040 A at −12 V; each fixed-disk power connector is rated at 1.5 A at +5 V and 2.5 A at +12 V.[7] Fred Spencer's figures for the original drives are 31-39 W each for the 44, 70 and 115 MB drives, 35-42 W for the 314 MB, and 13-19 W for a 3.5-inch SCSI drive; citing IBM's Personal System/2 Reference Guide, he gives 7-10 W for an IBM 16-bit adapter and 7-13 W for a 32-bit one.[8]

Battery and real-time clock

[edit | edit source]

The clock is a Motorola MC146818A on the system board: U187 on the 16 MHz board, U186 on the 20 MHz board and U132 on the 25 MHz board, with a 32.768 kHz crystal.[10][11][12] It holds 64 bytes of CMOS RAM (50 for configuration and security, 14 for the clock), and a separate 2 KB CMOS RAM extension holds more configuration data; the battery keeps both when the machine is off.[5] The battery is a 6 V two-cell lithium pack, FRU 72X8498, in the battery/speaker assembly (FRU 33F5950 with its cable, 72X8511 without).[9] The pack is sold as a camera battery: CR-P2, Duracell DL223A, Ever Ready EL223AP, Kodak K223LA or Ray-O-Vac PC223.[13] On the Model 80 the assembly slides out towards the open side of the case.[14]

Take the battery out of the assembly before unplugging the assembly's cable, and plug the cable in before refitting the battery, so the pack is not accidentally discharged.[5]

Checking the battery

[edit | edit source]

IBM retain tip H024809 names a low battery or a faulty battery/speaker assembly as causes of intermittent 161, 162 and 163 errors. Take the battery out of the assembly (a reading taken in place is not accurate), set the meter to a 12 V DC range, and replace the pack if it reads below 5.5 V.[1]

A clock that stands still after long power-offs while the configuration survives is an early sign of a failing pack. Alfred Arnold's explanation on Ardent Tool: as the voltage falls, the RTC's 32 kHz oscillator stops first, while the CMOS RAM still holds, and 161 and 163 errors follow.[1] After a 161 and 163, Peter Wendt notes that the first load of the Reference Diskette can take up to 90 seconds, and that on older Model 80 BIOS levels pressing F1 may be needed to force the load.[15]

When the configuration has been lost, restore it from the user's backup Reference Diskette if the machine had custom settings, or run Automatic Configuration if it used the defaults.[5]

Draining CMOS

[edit | edit source]

Removing the battery and waiting for CMOS to drain can take hours. IBM retain tip H104756 gives a faster way: disconnect the battery, then with a meter lead connected to frame ground (the supply case will do) drag the lead round every pin of the two CMOS modules. Reconnect the battery afterwards.[15]

CMOS module positions (retain tip H104756)
Models Positions
-041, -071 (16 MHz) U186 and U187
-081, -111, -121, -161, -311, -321 (20 MHz) U146 and U186
-A16, -A21, -A31 (25 MHz) U132 and U152 (near the blue connector)

Clearing a power-on password

[edit | edit source]
  1. Switch off and unplug the mains lead.
  2. If the battery/speaker assembly has pins, short pins 2 and 3 together. If it has none, put a meter lead into connector 1 and hold the other end on frame ground.
  3. Switch on with the short in place and keep it there until POST has finished. This removes the password.
  4. To set a new one, start from the Reference Diskette and use Set Features.

[5][9]

Dust under the supply fan

[edit | edit source]

The supply fan sits over a part of the system board that holds the 8042 keyboard controller, the MC146818A, the diskette controller, the NS16550 UART, the RTC crystal and sometimes an 8259A. Peter Wendt reports that household dust drawn in by the fan is often conductive, and that it causes lost configuration, a clock showing wrong values after long power-offs, and diskette or disk read/write errors that a new battery does not cure.[1][15]

  1. Strip the machine and blow the dust out of the supply with a compressor and a fine nozzle, somewhere that can get dirty.
  2. Brush and vacuum the system board, looking for dust packed between IC pins.
  3. Clean the diskette-controller area with a cotton bud and isopropyl alcohol.
  4. Reassemble, start from the Reference Diskette, and set the date, time and configuration again.

[1][15]

Micro Channel adapters

[edit | edit source]

The stored configuration depends on which slot each adapter is in. Refit a replacement adapter in the same slot; if it goes elsewhere, run Set Configuration from the Reference Diskette.[5] After adding a card, start from the Reference Diskette with it in the drive at power-on, copy the card's option diskette so its adapter description file is available, and run Automatic Configuration.[16]

Two limits from Ardent Tool: the 8580's Set Configuration program handles only 64 MB of memory, and the IBM SCSI-2 Fast/Wide adapter is not supported by the 8570 and 8580 BIOS (retain tip H125078).[15]

Memory

[edit | edit source]

System-board memory is on IBM memory cards in two connectors, J15 and J16 on the 16 MHz and 20 MHz boards and J8 and J9 on the 25 MHz board. They are not SIMM sockets. IBM gives the board capacity as 1 or 2 MB on the 16 MHz board, 2 or 4 MB on the 20 MHz board and 4 or 8 MB on the 25 MHz board, and the system total as 16 MB with 80386 memory expansion adapters in the 32-bit slots.[7][5] Run Set Configuration whenever memory is added or removed.[5]

IBM's procedures for the memory codes:[9]

  • 00011000, system-board parity check: if two kits are fitted, remove the one in J15 (or J8). If the error goes, replace that kit; if not, replace the kit in J16 (or J9); if that fails, replace the system board.
  • 00011100, memory-adapter parity check: remove memory adapters one at a time until the error goes, then refit the kits on the last adapter removed one at a time until it returns, and replace that kit, then the adapter.
  • 00021500: the kit in J15 (or J8), then the system board.
  • 00021600 or 00022100: the kit in J16 (or J9), then the system board.

Advanced Diagnostics loads into the first 256 KB and cannot stress-test that area, so for an intermittent 110 parity error that the diagnostics do not find, IBM retain tip H006554 says to swap the two cards and run the memory test again.[15] If POST finds an error in the first 512 KB it disables the first 1 MB block and moves its addresses to a second block if there is one; errors beyond the first megabyte are reported, and the customer diagnostics on the Reference Diskette disable the failing 1 MB block.[5]

Ardent Tool records that the 8580 limits DMA to the first 16 MB, and that under Linux with more than 16 MB fitted the ibmmca SCSI driver needed its unchecked_isa_dma flag set.[15]

Math coprocessor

[edit | edit source]

The Model 80 takes an 80387 at the processor's speed: FRU 72X6673 (16 MHz), 90X7393 (20 MHz) or 15F7661 (25 MHz). IBM warns that the wrong coprocessor can cause intermittent errors.[9][5] The bevelled corner faces the bottom and rear of the system on the -041 and -071, the bottom and front on the 20 MHz models, and the top and rear on the 25 MHz models.[5]

Diskette drive

[edit | edit source]

The drives take their power through the interface and have no separate power connector. The -Axx machines use a pin-connector drive and the earlier models a card-edge drive. Fred Spencer ran pin-style drives on a 20 MHz board, but Ardent Tool reports electrical differences that could damage the board.[17] IBM's 1990 parts list gives FRU 72X8523 for the half-height 1.44 MB drive and 33F8211 for the one-third-height drive.[9]

  • The drives are direct drive and have no belt. Mitsubishi's MF355C specification, for example, describes a DC brushless motor driving the spindle at 300 rpm.[18]
  • Peter Wendt's causes of a 162 with the drive dead at POST: POST moves the heads out from track 0 and back within a fixed time, and a sticking head carriage (hardened grease or dirt on the guides), a dirty track-0 sensor or a head damper pad that has come unstuck makes it miss. He found the ALPS drives more troublesome than the Mitsubishi, with the damper pad the usual fault on older ALPS drives, and dirt round the head actuator spindle the usual fault on the Mitsubishi 355. He recommends Tamiya ball-gear grease for the head guides and servo spindle.[17][1]
  • 6xx errors come from failed surface-mount electrolytics on the drive's logic board or from dirt on the system board's diskette controller; see IBM PS/2 Model 80 Capacitor Replacement Guide.[17][1]

Fixed disks

[edit | edit source]

The 44 MB drive is ST-506, the 70, 115 and 314 MB drives ESDI, and the later drives SCSI, each on its own adapter card with 4-pin power leads. The drives park their heads at power-off, and IBM warns that careless shipping or handling can destroy the data and formatting, so back the drive up before moving the machine.[5] IBM's removal notes say the drive in the rear bay must have its terminator fitted (on a two-drive rear bracket, the drive nearest the system board), and the drive in the front bay must have its terminator removed.[5]

  • 1780 on an 8580-041: IBM retain tip H064300 says to check that the fixed-disk cables are installed correctly.[1]
  • A second 314 MB drive in a -311 that will not come ready: ECA 040, a fault in the drive logic board.[15]
  • ESDI codes 010450XX, 010451XX and 010490XX-010499XX: run Advanced Diagnostics, then change the drive and the system board; 010454XX is a sector-buffer test error, 010455XX and 010456XX controller errors, 010462XX a controller seek error and 010464XX a drive read error.[2]
  • A drive that will not spin up after long storage: Peter Wendt's method for stiction is to unplug the system unit, shake it up and down a few times, turn it sharply clockwise a few times and switch on. Do not drop the front of the unit on the desk. Copy the data off as soon as the drive runs.[19]

Engineering changes

[edit | edit source]

The ECA list is on the Model 80 page. Two are worth checking on any machine:[15][12]

  • ECA 031 and ECA 048: early 20 MHz boards (planar FRU 90X7390 below EC C00835, and FRU 33F8415) have trouble with bus-master adapters, usually seen as a 110 parity error. ECA 048 names the IBM Wizard, Portmaster and XGA, BICC Isolan, ComTech Channel/2, Metacomp Psconnect, Northern Telecom LanStar/MC, Proteon P1840, Racore 4x16 and Yarc Micro785+.
  • ECA 051: on an -A16, -A21 or -A31 with 8 MB on the system board and intermittent OS/2 Trap 0002 or NMI errors, look at the modules at U24 and U34, near J8 and J9. If either is marked FCT841 the board qualifies for replacement; other markings such as F841, 841D, 72F841 and 72F841D are good. Read the marking on the module itself, not the print on the board beside it.

Mistakes to avoid

[edit | edit source]
  • Pulling the battery lead off the system board while taking the front bezel off. The configuration goes with it.[1]
  • Fitting a second adapter that drives the VGA signals. IBM warns that some non-IBM graphics adapters drive the VGA signals instead of receiving them, and two such adapters damage each other.[5]
  • Swapping base frames between models. Retain tip H021673: FRU 64F0157 (the -041 to -321) has a metal back plane needed for EMC that must not be removed; FRU 64F0158 (the 25 MHz models) has none, because that board has components on its solder side.[15]
  • Fitting a pin-style diskette drive to a 16 MHz or 20 MHz board.[17]

Tools

[edit | edit source]
  • A volt-ohm meter (IBM names one "similar to the Triplett Model 310") and the Tri-Connector wrap plug 72X8546 for the port diagnostics.[5]
  • A coin or large flat blade for the cover screws.
  • A security Torx bit for the supply case screws.[4]
  • A compressor with a fine nozzle, a soft brush, a vacuum cleaner, cotton buds and isopropyl alcohol.
  • The Model 70/80 Reference Diskette and the option diskettes for every adapter.
  • A CR-P2 type 6 V lithium pack.
  • An anti-static wrist strap.

See also Recommended Tools.

[edit | edit source]

References

[edit | edit source]
  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 "60, 65 SX, and 80 – Common Devices", Ardent Tool of Capitalism. Opening the side cover, removing the front bezel, Tony Ingenoso's method for a locked cover, retain tip H064300 (1780 on the 8560-041 and 8580-041), Peter Wendt on dust under the supply fan, Alfred Arnold on a clock that stops, retain tip H024809 (battery minimum 5.5 V), and the Mitsubishi and ALPS diskette drives.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 IBM, IBM Personal System/2 Hardware Maintenance Manual, S52G-9971-02, October 1994. Hosted on this wiki as IBM Personal System 2 Hardware Maintenance Manual (S52G-9971-02, October 1994) (PDF). Codes 010450XX-010499XX, pp. 46-47; Models 60, 65 and 80 power-supply connector and test voltages, p. 142; Models 60, 65 and 80 parts list, pp. 251-253.
  3. ↑ Eric Schlaepfer ("Tube Time"), PS/2 Model 80 Power Supply, schematic of the 225 W supply IBM P/N 72X6665, PEC 3978, 2024, CC BY-SA 4.0. Hosted on this wiki as File:IBM PS2 225W Power Supply 72X6665 Reverse-Engineered Schematic (Tube Time 2024).pdf. Reservoir capacitors C5 and C6 (1000 µF 200 V) with balancing resistors R100-R106 and R108-R114 (220 kΩ); inrush thermistors RT1, RT2 with R117, R118; power LED driven from Power Good.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Al Savage, "Repair of PS/2 8580 Power Supply", Ardent Tool of Capitalism, edited by Major Tom. A 225 W Schrack EP071063-A (P/N 90X9109, P/N 15F6551, EC A79369) that failed with a chirp from a shorted 3300 µF 16 V output filter capacitor, one of an identical pair, and a cold solder joint; security screws on the case; a ground lead through the top cover; the cover slides about an inch before lifting; a Plessey unit with the same IBM numbers has riveted case halves.
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 IBM, IBM PS/2 Model 80 Hardware Maintenance Reference, S64F-3995-01, 25 September 1990. Hosted on this wiki as File:IBM PS2 Model 80 HMR.pdf. Cover lock (1.1.1), power-on password (1.1.2), CMOS RAM (1.2.2), keyboard and pointing-device connectors (1.2.8), fixed disks park their heads (2.2), power supply and under-voltage sense levels (3.1), system memory and memory errors (4.1), specifications (5.0), special tools (6.0), service position and weight caution (7.0), removals and replacements (8.0): adapters in the same slot (8.4), math coprocessor orientation (8.6), battery caution and cable order (8.7), front and rear fixed-disk terminators (8.15, 8.16), system board (8.19).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 IBM, IBM Personal System/2 Model 80 Technical Reference, April 1987. Hosted on this wiki as IBM PS2 Model 80 Technical Reference (April 1987) (PDF). Section 5, "Power Supply", pp. 5-3 to 5-6: input ranges, internal fuse, outputs, output protection (restart after the switch has been off for at least one second), voltage sequencing, no-load operation, auto restart, the power good signal (100-500 ms turn-on delay after +5 V reaches its sense level; at least 10 ms hold-up after mains is removed), sense levels, and the connector assignments including pin 15 System Status for the fixed-disk light.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 IBM, IBM Personal System/2 Model 80 386 Technical Reference, October 1990. Hosted on this wiki as IBM PS2 Model 80 Technical Reference (October 1990) (PDF). Heat output by supply rating, p. 1-10; outputs, component maximum current and channel load current, p. 1-12; output protection (restart after the switch has been off for at least ten seconds) and voltage sequencing, p. 1-13; drive power connectors, p. 1-14.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 "60, 65 SX, and 80 – Power Supply", Ardent Tool of Capitalism. Supply removal, the 15-pin pinout, IBM's test voltages, the supply variants and the 72X6665 label, Peter Wendt on power switch failures, the crackling-noise thread, and Fred Spencer's fixed-disk power figures.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 IBM, IBM PS/2 Model 80 Hardware Maintenance Service, S15F-2199-01, September 1990. Hosted on this wiki as File:IBM PS2 Model 80 HMS.pdf. Power-on password (3.0), undetermined problem (4.0), power supply voltages and fan (5.0), memory (11.0), symptom-to-FRU index (12.0), parts (15.0).
  10. ↑ "8580 Type 1 Planar", Ardent Tool of Capitalism. 16 MHz planar: J15, J16 memory connectors; J18 battery/speaker connector; U186 2 K × 8 SRAM; U187 MC146818A; U188 8042.
  11. ↑ "8580 Type 2 Planar", Ardent Tool of Capitalism. 20 MHz planar: J15, J16 memory connectors; J18 battery/speaker connector; U146 2 K × 8 SRAM; U186 MC146818A; Y1 32.768 kHz crystal.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "8580 Type 3 Planar", Ardent Tool of Capitalism. 25 MHz planar: J8, J9 memory connectors; J19 battery/speaker connector; U132 MC146818AFN; U152 8 K × 8 SRAM; fuses F2, F3, F4; the text of ECA 051.
  13. ↑ "PS/2 Batteries", Ardent Tool of Capitalism, based on content by Bob Eager and Peter H. Wendt. The Model 80 takes the 6 V pack 72X8498 and its camera-battery equivalents; a weak battery loses all the setup.
  14. ↑ "Battery/Speaker Assembly", Ardent Tool of Capitalism. Battery/speaker assembly FRUs, battery orientation (contacts to the rear), clearing the power-on password, removal on the Models 60, 65 SX and 80, connector pinouts.
  15. ↑ 15.00 15.01 15.02 15.03 15.04 15.05 15.06 15.07 15.08 15.09 "8580 Common Devices", Ardent Tool of Capitalism. Dust on the diskette controller, retain tip H104756 (draining CMOS), Peter Wendt's 161/163 notes, memory error procedures and memory activation, Peter Wendt's summary of ECAs 008 to 069, retain tip H006554 (intermittent 110), Linux DMA above 16 MB, the 64 MB configuration limit, retain tip H125078 (no SCSI-2 Fast/Wide support), retain tip H021673 (base frames).
  16. ↑ "PS/2 Error Codes", Ardent Tool of Capitalism. Beep codes, error format, the Reference Diskette cold-boot note, the multiple-error rule and the dead-system procedure.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 "8580 Diskette Drives", Ardent Tool of Capitalism, content by Fred Spencer and Al Savage. Card-edge and pin-style drives, dirt on the diskette controller, Peter Wendt on the causes of a 162 at POST and his grease recommendation, and Al Savage's capacitor replacement on a Mitsubishi MF355W-99M3.
  18. ↑ Mitsubishi Electric, 3.5-inch Diskette Drive MF355C Specifications, UGD-0527A, February 1987. Hosted on this wiki as File:Mitsubishi MF355C 3.5 inch Diskette Drive Specifications (UGD-0527A, Feb 1987).pdf. DC brushless direct-drive spindle motor, 300 rpm.
  19. ↑ "Known Problems – Experience, RETAIN Tips, ECAs", Ardent Tool of Capitalism. Peter Wendt on hard-disk stiction.


Retrieved from "https://wiki.retrotechcollection.com/index.php?title=IBM_PS/2_Model_80_Maintenance_Guide&oldid=16585"