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IBM PS/2 Model 30 Troubleshooting Guide

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This guide covers diagnostic procedures and the complete IBM PS/2 numeric POST error code reference applicable to the IBM PS/2 Model 30 (machine type 8530 — Model 30 8086 and Model 30 286). The Model 30 uses the same PS/2 BIOS POST architecture as the rest of the PS/2 line, sharing audio beep codes and Major/Minor numeric error codes with the Model 25. This guide focuses on faults specific to the Model 30 (ISA-bus, proprietary ST-506 HDD, MCGA / VGA distinction).

Audio Beep Codes

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Model 30 power-on audio codes
Pattern Meaning
1 short POST OK
2 short Numeric error displayed; read screen
1 long + 1 short Display or display adapter problem (MCGA / VGA)
1 long + 2 short Display or display adapter problem (VGA)
1 long + 3 short EGA / display adapter problem
Continuous short beeps Keyboard problem — check fuse, cable, 8042 controller
Continuous solid beep System board failure
Click then no beep PSU started but Power Good not asserted in 150 ms — suspect shorted tantalum
No display and no sound PSU fold-back protection, shorted planar capacitor, or PSU dead

Numeric POST Error Codes

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The Model 30 uses the standard PS/2 numeric error format. Codes specific to the MCA subsystem (which the Model 30 does not have) are absent — the Model 30 only triggers the ISA-class codes (1xx through 24xx in the main range, plus 86xx for the pointing device).

1xx — System Board

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Major code 1xx — system board
Code Meaning
101 Interrupt failure / processor error
102 Timer 0 failure or BIOS ROM checksum error — reseat the ROM if socketed
103 Timer interrupt failure
104 8259A controller error (Model 30); protected mode failure (Model 30 286)
105 Last 8042 keyboard controller command not accepted
106 Converting logic test (planar)
107 NMI test failure
108 Timer bus test failure
109 DMA (8237A) test error
110 Planar parity error
111 I/O parity error
121 Unexpected hardware interrupt
151 Bad battery (Model 30 286 only)
152 CMOS error / power-on password installed
161 CMOS configuration empty — Model 30 286: replace battery
162 CMOS checksum mismatch — run SETUP from Reference Diskette
163 Time and date not set
164 Memory size error — run SETUP
199 User-indicated configuration not correct

Model 30 286 161 / 162 / 163 cluster

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This cluster on a Model 30 286 indicates a dead Dallas DS1287 / DS12887 RTC battery. Replace per IBM PS/2 Model 30 Maintenance Guide and re-run SETUP.

The Model 30 8086 does not report 161 / 162 / 163 because it has no hardware RTC.

2xx — Memory

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Major code 2xx — memory
Code Meaning
201 Memory test failed — data miscompare or parity error
202 Address line 0–15 failure
203 Address line 16–23 failure (Model 30 286 only)
207 ROM failure
211 Base 64 K on I/O channel failed
215 / 216 Base 64 K on daughter card failed
225 Wrong / defective / slow memory

The Model 30 8086 has 640 KB on planar; the failing bank cannot be in expansion (there is no expansion bank). A 201 error therefore identifies the failing chip on the planar by bit pattern. The Model 30 286 has two MMK SIMM sockets, and the failing bank is identified by the leading hex digits of the 201 code.

3xx — Keyboard

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Major code 3xx — keyboard
Code Meaning
301 Keyboard did not respond / stuck key. The XX value preceding "301" is the scan code of the stuck key. Also occurs if keyboard plugged into mouse port
302 User-indicated keyboard test failure
303 Keyboard or 8042 controller error
304 Planar (8042) error / CMOS does not match keyboard
305 +5 V fuse blown on planar (3 A) — replace fuse and inspect keyboard / mouse for shorted cable

301 with X-scan-code

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If the Model 30 reports "XX 301" at POST and the XX is a hex scan code, an object resting on a key is the most likely cause. If multiple keys appear stuck, also see 8602. On the Model 25 / Model 30 family, the keyboard and mouse ports are interchangeable at the 8042; plugging a mouse into the keyboard port (or vice versa) raises a 301 + 8603 pair.

4xx — Monochrome / MCGA display

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  • 401 — MCGA / monochrome adapter test failure (planar VGA on Model 30 286 also raises 4xx on certain error paths).

5xx — Colour / MCGA / VGA

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  • 501 — CGA / MCGA / VGA colour test failure.

6xx — Diskette

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Major code 6xx — diskette
Code Meaning
601 Drive or controller test failed
602 Boot record on diskette invalid
606 Verify function failed
607 Diskette write-protected
610 Initialisation failed
611 Timeout
612 Bad NEC FDC status
613 Bad DMA
621–626 Seek / CRC / address mark / record / data compare failures
650 Drive speed error
651–656 Format / verify / read / write / controller / drive failures
657–660 Write-protect or change-line signal stuck

The Model 30 with the proprietary ST-506 hard disk reports 6xx codes only for the floppy. 17xx codes cover the hard disk.

7xx — Math coprocessor

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  • 7xx — 8087 (Model 30 8086) or 80287 (Model 30 286) math coprocessor error. The 80286 BIOS does not test the 80287 unless software invokes it.

9xx / 10xx — Parallel port

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Same code structure as PC/AT and Model 25.

11xx / 12xx — Serial port

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Same code structure as PC/AT and Model 25.

17xx — Fixed disk

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Major code 17xx — fixed disk
Code Meaning
1701 Controller POST error
1702 Controller timeout
1703 Seek failure
1704 Adapter or drive error
1780 Drive 0 timeout at IPL
1781 Drive 1 timeout at IPL
1790 / 1791 Format not recognised / data cable off

On the Model 30 8086 with the famously failure-prone ST-506 drive, 1701 / 1780 with the drive present is most commonly drive stiction or drive failure. Gentle rotation of the drive case (powered off) may free a stuck spindle for one boot; replace the drive at the earliest opportunity.

24xx — Integrated VGA (Model 30 286)

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  • 2401 — Planar VGA error.
  • 2402 — Diagnostic video error.
  • 2408 — VGA ground circuit fault.

86xx — Pointing device

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  • 8601 / 8603 / 8604 — planar (8042) or pointing-device error. Most commonly a mouse plugged into the keyboard port.

Reference Diskette and Advanced Diagnostics

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The Model 30 8086 and the Model 30 286 use different Reference Diskettes. Always cold-boot the Reference Diskette (insert before powering on) — warm-booting may report false errors. From the main menu, Ctrl-A enters Advanced Diagnostics which produces minor (NN) codes giving further FRU-level detail.

The Reference Diskette is also where SETUP is performed; the Model 30 BIOS has no built-in setup screen.

Dead System Isolation

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If the Model 30 shows no signs of life:

  1. Verify the wall outlet and mains lead.
  2. Open the system unit.
  3. Verify the PSU output rails at the planar power connector with a multimeter (+5 V, +12 V, −5 V, −12 V).
  4. If rails are absent, suspect the PSU. The Model 55 PSU is a drop-in replacement.
  5. If rails are present but the system is dead, remove all ISA cards and the optional hard drive.
  6. Power on with planar, riser and (Model 30 286) one SIMM only. Listen for a beep.
  7. If no beep, suspect bank-0 memory on planar (Model 30 8086 has integrated DRAM — suspect the DRAM chips at U-positions on the planar) or the SIMM (Model 30 286).
  8. Re-add cards one at a time until the failing card is identified.

The PS/2 PSU asserts Power Good within 150 ms or shuts down internally. A shorted tantalum on the planar can pull the PSU into fold-back protection and produce a "click then nothing" symptom.

Common Symptoms

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  • Continuous beep, no display — shorted tantalum or keyboard fuse blown.
  • 161 / 162 / 163 cluster at every boot (Model 30 286) — dead Dallas RTC battery.
  • Drive does not detect any diskette — PS/2 single-cable connector seated badly, or drive logic-board capacitor leak.
  • ST-506 hard drive not detected — drive failure (very common on the original ST-506 fitted to 8530-021 / E21 / E31).
  • Random crashes under load — aged PSU electrolytics. Recap.
  • VGA shows wrong colours (Model 30 286) — planar VGA gate array (15F6864) failing.
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References

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  • PS/2 Error Codes, Ardent Tool of Capitalism. Authoritative source for the complete 1xx–25xx PS/2 numeric error code listing, the Power-Good-in-150-ms PSU spec, and dead-system isolation procedure.
  • PS/2 Error Codes, Museodelcomputer.org. Reference for the audio code patterns and minor code structure.
  • IBM PS/2 Model 30 — DOS Days. Reference for the proprietary ST-506 interface, ISA-bus expansion, MCGA / VGA distinction and the (failure-prone) original hard drive.
  • IBM, IBM Personal System/2 Hardware Maintenance Manual (S30G-2207, October 1994). FRU listings and error-code references.
  • IBM, IBM Personal System/2 Model 30 Reference Diskette. Source for SETUP, Advanced Diagnostics (Ctrl-A).